ETHICAL INSIGHTS FROM THE BHAGAVAD GITA, UPANISHADS, AND PLATO'S EARLY DIALOGUES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

सार

This paper presents a comparative study of ethical insights derived from these seminal philosophical texts: the Bhagavad Gītā, the Upaniṣads, and Plato's early dialogues( Euthypyro, Apology and Crito). Each of these are rooted in distinct cultural and philosophical traditions that offer perspectives on ethics, duty, and virtue. The Bhagavad Gītā, a cornerstone of Indian philosophy, navigates complex moral dilemmas through its exploration of duty (dharma) and selfless action (niṣkāma karma), guiding individuals to align their actions with the cosmic order. In contrast, the Upaniṣads delve into the relationship between ethical behavior and spiritual realization, advocating for virtues such as non-injury (ahiṃsā) and truthfulness (satya) as manifestations of unity with the ultimate reality (Brahman). Meanwhile, Plato’s early dialogues, including Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito, employ Socratic questioning to probe ethical principles, emphasizing concepts of virtue, self-discipline, and moral knowledge. Socrates’ method challenges conventional beliefs and underscores the importance of rational inquiry and adherence to one’s principles in ethical decision-making. Through a detailed analysis of these texts, this study uncovers both commonalities and divergences in their ethical teachings, illuminating how each tradition addresses fundamental moral questions.