Journal of the Oriental Institute, ISSN:0030-5324 UGC CARE Group 1

Illusion of American Dream in Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman

2024-11-13T05:15:54+00:00

The famous writer Arthur Miller wrote the brilliant play Death of a Salesman in 1948, and it was presented on Broadway in 1949. One of the founding figures of American drama in the 20th century is regarded as Arthur Miller. Being well-known for his work on "The Misfits," he created other plays, articles, and screenplays, making him a controversial and well-known writer in his day. Miller was inspired to write this play by a fortuitous encounter with his Uncle Manny Newman, whose name sounds similar to that of the play "Death of a Salesman" protagonist Willy Loman. Businessman Manny Newman enjoyed great success. Additionally,

Miller was also motivated by the suicides of two salespeople and another salesperson. The American Dream is the play's central topic. A popular idea that first surfaced in the early 20th century is known as the "American Dream." In his book Epic of America, historian James Truslow Adams is credited with giving the concept of monetary achievement the label "American Dream." Many people aspired to achieve financial success and enormous fortune because they felt that this was the American Dream. Miller's explanation of the American Dream is brilliant since it is an unbiased one. Miller talks on the right means to achieve the American Dream without taking a life; he does not criticise the American Dream.

‘‘सामान्य एवं विकलांग विद्यार्थिंयों के संवेगात्मक विकास का एक तुलनात्मक अध्ययन: मुरादाबाद क्षेत्र के संदर्भ में‘‘

2024-11-13T05:17:16+00:00

’’सामान्य और विकलांग विद्यार्थियों के संवेगात्मक विकास का अध्ययन’’ यह दर्शाता है कि दोनों के संवेगात्मक विकास में कई कारक शामिल होते हैं। सामान्य विद्यार्थियों का विकास सामाजिक अनुभवों और शिक्षा से प्रभावित होता है, जबकि विकलांग विद्यार्थियों के विकास में उनकी विकलांगता, परिवार, समाज, और शिक्षा प्रणाली की भूमिका महत्वपूर्ण होती है। विकलांग विद्यार्थियों को भेदभाव और अस्वीकृति का सामना करना पड़ सकता है, जो उनके आत्म-सम्मान और संवेगात्मक विकास को प्रभावित करता है। विशेष शिक्षा और समावेशी शिक्षा प्रणाली विकलांग विद्यार्थियों के आत्म-विश्वास और आत्म-सम्मान को बढ़ाने में सहायक हो सकती हैं। परिवार, शिक्षकों और समाज का समर्थन उनके विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। सामाजिक समावेश और प्रोत्साहन विकलांग विद्यार्थियों के जीवन में सकारात्मक परिवर्तन ला सकते हैं, जिससे उनका संवेगात्मक विकास सुदृढ़ हो सकता है। शोध अध्ययन से प्राप्त निष्कर्ष - मुरादाबाद जनपद में अध्ययनरत् उच्च प्राथमिक स्तर के सामान्य एवं विकलांग विद्यार्थिंयों के संवेगात्मक विकास में सार्थक अन्तर नहीं पाया गया।

Impact of Digital Payment System on the Efficiency of the Indian banking sector

2024-11-13T05:19:01+00:00

This study investigates the impact of digital payment systems on the efficiency of the Indian banking sector. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data was collected from 300 banking institutions across major urban centers in India through structured questionnaires and secondary sources. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between Digital Payment Systems (DPS) and the Efficiency of the Indian Banking Sector (EIBS). Results indicate a strong positive correlation (0.67) between DPS and EIBS, with approximately 44.89% of the variance in banking efficiency explained by digital payments. The findings suggest that enhanced digital payment infrastructure significantly contributes to improved banking efficiency, emphasizing the need for ongoing investment in digital technologies and user education. This research highlights the importance of digital payment systems in promoting operational effectiveness and financial inclusion in India.

The Role of Fintech in Promoting Financial Literacy

2024-11-13T05:20:01+00:00

Financial literacy is crucial in enabling individuals to make informed decisions about their personal finances, but traditional methods of promoting financial education have often struggled to reach all demographics effectively. The rise of fintech (financial technology) provides new opportunities for improving financial literacy by offering accessible, user-friendly, and real-time tools that cater to a diverse population. This paper explores the role of fintech in enhancing financial literacy through a review of existing literature, identifying key mechanisms through which fintech can influence financial knowledge and behaviour. Additionally, the paper outlines objectives for future research and practical applications in this area.

Determinants Affecting the Digital Payment System Adoption in India

2024-11-13T05:21:06+00:00

This study explored the adoption of digital payment systems in India, highlighting the demographic characteristics and perceptions influencing consumer behavior. A survey of 150 respondents revealed a diverse sample, with a majority of participants being young, educated, and employed. The analysis indicates high awareness of digital payments, with 86.67% of respondents familiar with the systems. Mobile wallets and UPI emerged as the most popular methods, while 80% found digital payments easy to use. Trust and perceived usefulness were significant factors, with 86.67% believing in the reliability of these systems. Despite some security concerns, the overall sentiment remains positive, suggesting a promising trajectory for digital payment adoption. The study emphasizes the importance of expanding financial literacy programs, strengthening security measures, and enhancing user-centric design in digital payment applications. Additionally, leveraging social influence and government initiatives can further encourage the transition from cash to digital payments. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and technology providers in fostering a more inclusive and secure digital payment ecosystem, ultimately contributing to economic growth and financial inclusion in India.

THE TRADITIONAL HEAD HUNTING PRACTICES OF THE LUHUPPAS.

2024-11-13T07:40:47+00:00

The Luhuppa (Tangkhul Naga tribe) is one of the oldest and largest tribe of Manipur. The forefathers of the Luhuppas (Tangkhuls) of Manipur were head hunters. Head hunting or chopping of enemies’ head was an important aspect of the Luhuppas and when we talk about the history of the Luhuppa (Tangkhul) community, the traditional practice of head hunting is inevitable. Head hunting meant killing enemies by chopping off the enemies head and carried home the head as a sign of victory. The Luhuppas are warrior tribe existed in isolation and their relationship with others was neither fraternal nor neighbourly. They are self-sufficient community and remained cut off from the rest of the world for many centuries. Head hunting were practiced based on their traditional religious faith, security purpose and social significance. Training of head hunting was given for village defence and self-defence. Brave head hunters were given respect, fame and titles. The Luhuppa tribe has strict adherence to traditional customary law of war. There was no random killing of people just for head. The practice of head hunting had economic values and political consideration. Head hunting practice gradually came to an end by the beginning of the 20^th century with the coming of Christianity.

SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF TRIBES DURING POST COVID 19 PERIOD: A CASE STUDY OF ATTAPADI TRIBAL BLOCK

2024-11-15T08:05:29+00:00

This study investigates the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on tribal households in Attappadi, Kerala. Using primary data from 300 households, the research examines the effects on income, expenditure, employment, and health. The study employs statistical tools like percentage distribution, t-tests, chi-square tests, and regression analysis to analyze data. Key findings reveal that, while income rebounded moderately post-COVID, the pandemic significantly disrupted household expenditures, with land ownership positively correlating to higher spending. Education and occupation were also found to influence income during the COVID period. Health-wise, severe and critical illnesses persisted post-pandemic, with significant long-term effects on the community’s health. The analysis underscores the need for enhanced healthcare and economic recovery programs, especially for landowners, to address the lasting impacts of the pandemic. The results highlight ongoing disparities between tribal and non-tribal populations in terms of education, health, and economic stability.

चाणक्य के अर्थशास्त्र में चार्वाक भौतिकवाद की खोज: दर्शन, राजनीति और व्यावहारिकता की शिक्षा

2024-11-15T08:06:55+00:00

चाणक्य के "अर्थशास्त्र" में चार्वाक भौतिकवाद की खोज एक महत्वपूर्ण विचारधारा को उजागर करती है, जो दर्शन, राजनीति और व्यावहारिकता के क्षेत्र में अपने अद्वितीय दृष्टिकोण के लिए जानी जाती है। चार्वाक भौतिकवाद, जो अनुभववादी और भौतिकवादी सिद्धांतों पर आधारित है, जीवन के भौतिक सुखों और तत्काल संतोष पर जोर देता है। चाणक्य, एक कुशल राजनीतिज्ञ और दार्शनिक, ने अपने ग्रंथ में चार्वाक के विचारों को व्यावहारिकता के संदर्भ में रखा है, यह दर्शाते हुए कि भौतिक और नैतिक दृष्टिकोण के बीच संतुलन कैसे बनाया जा सकता है।यह शोध पत्र चार्वाक भौतिकवाद और चाणक्य के अर्थशास्त्र के बीच संबंधों की जांच करता है, जिसमें इस बात पर प्रकाश डाला गया है कि भौतिकवाद पर दार्शनिक दृष्टिकोण प्राचीन भारत में राजनीतिक विचार और शासन को कैसे प्रभावित करते हैं। चार्वाक दर्शन इस बात पर जोर देता है कि संवेदी अनुभव और भौतिक संपदा सर्वोपरि हैं, जो जीवन के लिए व्यावहारिक दृष्टिकोण की वकालत करता है। इसके विपरीत, चाणक्य का अर्थशास्त्र शासन कला के लिए एक व्यापक मार्गदर्शक के रूप में कार्य करता है, जो वास्तविक राजनीति, आर्थिक प्रबंधन और शक्ति गतिशीलता की जटिलताओं पर ध्यान केंद्रित करता है।चाणक्य की राजनीतिक रणनीतियों के साथ-साथ चार्वाक भौतिकवाद के प्रमुख सिद्धांतों का विश्लेषण करके, इस शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य यह स्पष्ट करना है कि ये मानव व्यवहार, शासन और सामाजिक कल्याण की सुसंगत समझ बनाने के लिए विचार कैसे एकत्रित होते हैं। इस अन्वेषण के माध्यम से, यह शोध पत्र भौतिकवाद और राजनीतिक रणनीति पर समकालीन चर्चाओं के लिए उनकी प्रासंगिकता को प्रकट करते हुए, चाणक्य की शिक्षाओं के संदर्भ में चार्वाक विचार के व्यावहारिक अनुप्रयोगों को प्रदर्शित करना चाहता है। अंततः, यह अध्ययन आज की दुनिया में राजनीति और नैतिकता के बारे में हमारी समझ को आकार देने में इन प्राचीन दर्शन के स्थायी महत्व पर प्रकाश डालता है।

The function of proverbs and sayings.

2024-11-16T13:06:46+00:00

Relationships between language and culture are most clearly seen in proverbs. It is accounted for by the fact that a proverb by its very nature is one of the forms of culture. It is a proverb that first and foremost transmits sociocultural information. Proverbs and sayings are considered to be cultural relevant units, since they reflect cultural values and concepts (S.G.Vorkachev, V.I. Karasik, V.A. Maslova, W. Mieder).

There are many definitions of proverbs given from different perspectives. I.R. Galperin defines proverbs as “brief statements showing in condensed form the accumulated life experience of the community and serving as conventional practical symbols for abstract ideas” (Galperin, 1977, p.181). W. Mieder points out that proverb is “a short, generally known sentence of the folk which contains wisdom, truth, morals, and traditional views in a metaphorical, fixed and memorable form and which is handed down from generation to generation. (Mieder 2004, p.3). The definitions specify such features of proverbs as a laconic form, reflection of conventional wisdom and other cultural values.

GENDER DISPARITIES IN LAND HOLDING IN INDIA

2024-11-18T08:34:38+00:00

This study explores the persistent issue of gender inequality in land ownership in India, a critical dimension of socio-economic disparity that persists despite legal efforts to promote gender equality. Utilising data from the NSSO Debt and Investment Survey 2019, the study assesses landholding patterns among men and women through various inequality metrics, including the Gini coefficient and Generalized Entropy indices. The study indicates that while average landholdings are similar across genders, substantial within-group inequalities reveal that women encounter significant barriers in accessing and controlling land resources. Although legal reforms have improved overall equity, deep-seated cultural and institutional norms undermine women's land rights. This paper advocates for the formulation and implementation of policies that empower women by ensuring that legal entitlements to land translate into effective and meaningful control. Addressing these entrenched inequalities is essential for enhancing women's economic security and fostering broader economic development. Such efforts are pivotal in advancing sustainable gender equality, particularly within the rural regions of India, and are critical to achieving the broader goals of inclusive development and social equity.

ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER PERCEPTION ON PAYMENT BANKING SERVICES IN SIVAGANGA DISTRICT

2024-11-18T08:53:28+00:00

People's lifestyles have changed dramatically, the worth of technology-driven banking system is growing by day-to-day. Consumers are too busy to visit banks to deposit or withdraw money. The Reserve Bank of India's most recent project, payments banks, was introduced with the intention of offering digital, cashless, and paperless banking options in India. It is a unique and distinctive bank service designed to cater specifically to the beneath banked and unbanked citizens of the nation. Payments banks aim to cater to clients who require ongoing financial services at a minimal cost of service. Moreover, it benefits low-income individuals and migrant workers. They are linked to the formal banking system and the economy through payment banks. It also offers the benefit of safe, technology-driven transactions, which could make money exchanges easier. This paper analyses the customer perception towards the payment services of bank in Sivaganga district and analysed by the factor analysis method. Each factors were segregated into four constructs such as “Perception about Service Quality of Payments Bank, Perception about Easy money transfer of Payments bank, Perception about prospects of Payments bank, Perception about Marketing Strategies”. The study is to determining the level of customer perception of Payments Bank services. As a result, the practicability of payments bank services to customers is examined in the current context. The study analysed the secure of money transaction, technology-driven, cutting-edge of financial service to the small enterprises and making the right choices to raise the caliber of services offered by payment banks.

माध्यमिक विद्यालयों के शिक्षकों के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य का उनकी आध्यात्मिक बुद्धि पर प्रभाव का अध्ययन

2024-11-18T13:00:54+00:00

किसी भी शैक्षणिक संस्थान का शैक्षणिक स्तर एवं गुणवत्ता निश्चित रूप से शिक्षकों की क्षमता, कार्यकुशलता, विषय ज्ञान एवं उनकी योग्यता द्वारा निर्धारित होती है। सम्पूर्ण विश्व में शिक्षक का स्थान अत्यंत गरिमापूर्ण तथा प्रतिष्ठित होता है। वर्तमान समय में शिक्षकों द्वारा अपने स्थान की गुणवत्ता एवं प्रतिष्ठा को बनाये रखने के लिए अपने मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के साथ-साथ आध्यात्मिक बुद्धि को मुख्य रूप सें सुदृढ़ अत्यन्त आवश्यक करना है। प्रतिस्पर्धा के दौर में शिक्षकों को स्वंय के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य तथा आध्यात्मिक बुद्धि को उच्च स्तर पर स्थिर रखना एक चुनौती जैसा है। विभिन्न कारणों में सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनैतिक एवं व्यवसायिक चुनौतियों के कारण शिक्षक अपने मानसिक स्वास्थ्य तथा आध्यात्मिक बुद्धि को बनाये रखने में लगातार संधर्षशील रहता है। प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र में शोधार्थिनी ने असमानुपातिक यादृच्छिक विधि द्वारा उत्तर प्रदेश के जिला बागपत में माध्यमिक शिक्षा परिषद द्वारा संचालित माध्यमिक स्तर के विद्यालयों में से लिंग के आधार पर 500 (242 शिक्षक एवं 258 शिक्षिकाओं) का चयन किया। शोधार्थिनी ने डाॅ0 प्रमोद कुमार, मनोविज्ञान विभाग, सरदार पटेल विश्वविद्यालय, गुजरात द्वारा निर्मित मानसिक स्वास्थ्य मापनी चैकलिस्ट (2016) तथा प्रो0 रूकैया जैनुद्दीन एवं अन्जूम अहमद द्वारा निर्मित आध्यात्मिक बुद्धि परीक्षण (2005) का प्रयोग कर एकत्रित आंकड़ों के सांख्यिकीकरण द्वारा ज्ञात किया कि माध्यमिक विद्यालयों के शिक्षकों एवं शिक्षिकाओं के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य का उनकी आध्यात्मिक बुद्धि पर प्रभाव पड़ता है। साथ ही मानसिक स्वास्थ्य एवं आध्यात्मिक बुद्धि के मध्य उच्च सकारात्मक सह-सम्बन्ध पाया गया।

KNOWLEDGE, MORALITY, AND GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN AND WESTERN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

2024-11-19T11:14:03+00:00

This paper explores the comparative study of Indian and Western knowledge systems, examining the interrelationship between knowledge, morality, and governance within these two distinct traditions. Indian knowledge systems are deeply rooted in spiritual, philosophical, and holistic approaches, emphasizing interconnectedness and self-realization. In contrast, Western knowledge systems are grounded in rationalism, empirical evidence, and scientific inquiry. Morality in India is influenced by concepts such as Dharma and karma, with a focus on duties and cosmic order, while Western moral philosophies center on individual rights, justice, and utilitarianism. Governance structures in both traditions have evolved differently, with India historically integrating spiritual and political authority, and the West developing secular democratic frameworks based on individual freedoms and rule of law. This comparative analysis highlights the shared values and differences between these traditions and their implications for contemporary governance. The study emphasizes the role of knowledge in shaping societal structures, ethical behaviour, and power dynamics. By examining these traditions side by side, the paper aims to offer insights into the potential for cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration, providing valuable lessons for addressing global challenges in governance, ethics, and societal development.

CENTER PIVOT –A PRESSURISED IRRIGATION SYSTEM

2024-11-21T05:19:32+00:00

In affluent nations, the center pivot irrigation technique is commonly utilized. More control was achievable with sprinkler systems than with many other types of irrigation systems. Additionally, it has the benefit of being easier to automate. Applying enough water to crop production in an inexpensive and effective manner is the aim of an irrigation system. Efficiency is crucial for labour, energy, and water conservation.

Despite having the second largest total cultivable area Maharashtra state has the lowest percentage of irrigated land of any state in the country.

Expanding irrigation infrastructure to a wider area and a wider population is absolutely necessary. Adoption of water-efficient irrigation techniques, such as sprinkler and drip irrigation ^[1,2], is one of the realistic solutions to the issue in addition to several others.

Keywords: Centre pivot, sprinkler, drip, cultivable area, irrigation methods.