Journal of the Oriental Institute, ISSN:0030-5324 UGC CARE Group 1

David Chalmers’ Theory of Consciousness: Critique and Significance

Dr. Sarat Chandra Bibhar — 2026-08-31

David Chalmers’ theory of consciousness offers a non-reductive approach that challenges the attempt to explain phenomenal experience entirely in terms of physical and cognitive processes. By distinguishing physical facts from phenomenal facts, Chalmers argues that consciousness should be regarded as a fundamental feature of reality, systematically connected to physical processes through psychophysical principles. His Principle of Structural Coherence explains the relationship between consciousness and awareness, while the Principle of Organizational Invariance emphasizes functional organization as central to conscious experience. His Double-Aspect Theory of Information further proposes that information has both physical and phenomenal aspects, forming the basis of his naturalistic dualism. However, the theory faces significant challenges concerning causal closure, supervenience, psychophysical laws, functionalism, and the explanatory gap. The central unresolved issue is how distinct physical and phenomenal properties can be so precisely related without reducing one to the other.

Exploring the Fragmented Self: Stream of Consciousness and Identity in the Novels of Virginia Woolf and Anita Desai

Pankaj Rani , Dr. Rakhee Rani — 2026-09-02

This paper examines stream of consciousness as a narrative technique for representing
fragmented selfhood in the novels of Virginia Woolf and Anita Desai. Focusing on Woolf's Mrs.
Dalloway (1925) and To the Lighthouse (1927), and Desai's Cry, the Peacock (1963) and Voices in
the City (1965), the study argues that both authors use the technique to dramatise the instability of
identity under the pressure of gender, memory, trauma, and social expectation. Drawing on
psychoanalytic theory (Freud, Lacan) and feminist theory (Butler, de Beauvoir), together with
existing scholarship on Woolf and Desai, the paper undertakes a comparative and thematic analysis
of the two authors' modernist and postcolonial deployments of fragmented consciousness. It finds
that while Woolf's characters experience fragmentation primarily through the interplay of gendered
expectation, memory, and existential time, Desai's characters carry the additional burden of
postcolonial cultural dislocation. The comparison illuminates how a single narrative device is
inflected by different historical and cultural contexts while continuing to expose a common truth:
that selfhood in modern fiction is not fixed but continuously assembled and undone by inner and
outer forces.

AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT AS A MEDIATOR: LINKING JOB HOPPING INTENTION TO TURNOVER BEHAVIOUR IN THE BANKING SECTOR

Dr. Karun Kant Uppal — 2026-09-12

Modernization of banks especially after Basel-1 and Basel-2 Norms has led to a drift in the
working of banks and banking sector in India. Opening up of new banks, especially in the
private sector, not only raises the standard of professionalism in banking, rather gave a new
direction to the adoption of marketing strategies which banks need to hold and continue in
order to establish themselves and survive. Similarly, the operations of the bankers demanded
for a multi-dimensional approach and merely from being a financial institution meant for
accepting deposits and lending loans, banks turned out to be the pioneers in technology
adoption and hiring one of the major chunk of tech-savvy and financial knowledge
acquainted job aspirants.

सोशल मीडिया का बालकों एवं बालिकाओं के मानसिक स्तर (तनाव, ध्यान एवं आत्मविश्वास) पर प्रभाव: गाजियाबाद शहर के संदर्भ में

राकेश कुमार साह — 2026-09-15

प्रस्तुत शोध अध्ययन का उद्देश्य गाजियाबाद शहर के सरकारी एवं अशासकीय उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालयों में अध्ययनरत बालक और बालिकाओं के मानसिक स्तर पर सोशल मीडिया के प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करना है। वर्तमान समय में सोशल मीडिया किशोर वि‌द्यार्थियों के जीवन का अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण घटक बन चुका है, जिसके उपयोग की तीव्रता निरंतर बढ़ रही है। यह आयु-वर्ग व्यक्तित्व निर्माण, भावनात्मक संतुलन, ध्यान क्षमता और आत्मविश्वास के विकास का संवेदनशील चरण है. इसलिए सोशल मीडिया का प्रभाव इस अवस्था में विशेष रूप से दृष्टिगोचर होता है। इस अध्ययन में स्तरीकृत यादृच्छिक नमूना विधि द्वारा चार विद्यालयों-राजकीय इंटर कॉलेज राजनगर, राजकीय कन्या इंटर कॉलेज कविनगर, DAV पब्लिक स्कूल शास्त्रीनगर और DPS आरडीसी गाजियाबाद-से कुल 120 वि‌द्यार्थियों का चयन किया गया। अध्ययन हेतु निकर्ट स्केल आधारित प्रश्नावली का प्रयोग किया गया, जिसमें सोशल मीडिया उपयोग की प्रकृति एवं मानसिक प्रभार्वा (तनाव, ध्यान, आत्मविश्वास) से संबंधित कथन शामिल थे। संग्रहीत आंकड़ों का विश्लेषण प्रतिशत, औसत, मानक विचलन तथा परीक्षण के माध्यम से किया गया। शोध परिणामों से पता चला कि अधिकांश विद्यार्थी प्रतिदिन 2 से 3 घंटे से अधिक सोशल मीडिया का उपयोग करते हैं। अत्यधिक उपयोग वाले वि‌द्यार्थियों में ध्यान क्षमता में कमी. तनाव के स्तर में वृद्धि तथा भावनात्मक अस्थिरता देखी गई। वहीं सीमित एवं नियंत्रित उपयोग करने वाले वि‌द्यार्थियों में मानसिक स्वास्थ्य एवं आत्मविश्वास तुलनात्मक रूप से संतुलित पाया गया। अध्ययन से यह भी स्पष्ट हुआ कि बालिकाओं में आत्मविश्वास का स्तर औसतन अधिक तथा बालकों में ध्यान विचलन और तनाव की प्रवृत्ति अधिक है। अतः निष्कर्षतः कहा जा सकता है कि सोशल मीडिया का प्रभाव वि‌द्यार्थियों द्वारा किए जाने वाले उपयोग की मात्रा, उद्देश्य और नियंत्रण पर निर्भर करता है। संतुलित और जागरुक उपयोग विद्यार्थियों के व्यक्तित्व विकास में सहायक हो सकता है, जबकि अनियंत्रित और अत्यधिक उपयोग मानसिक स्तर पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव उत्पन्न कर सकता है।

The Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Purchasing Behaviour: A Quantitative Study

Md Shaqlain — 2026-09-15

The rapid growth of digital technologies and the increasing penetration of the internet have
significantly transformed the way consumers interact with brands and make purchasing
decisions. Digital marketing, encompassing social media engagement, influencer
recommendations, online reviews, and targeted advertisements, has emerged as a powerful
tool for businesses to influence consumer behaviour. This quantitative study aims to assess
the impact of digital marketing on consumer purchasing behaviour, focusing on how various
digital marketing strategies affect purchase intention, brand preference, and decisionmaking.
A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 250 respondents, selected
through purposive sampling, representing diverse age groups, educational backgrounds, and
occupational categories. The study employed descriptive statistics to summarize
demographic characteristics and patterns of digital engagement, correlation analysis to
examine relationships between digital marketing variables and purchase behaviour, and
multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relative influence of each marketing tool. The
study also applied Chi-square tests to explore the association between demographic factors
and responsiveness to digital marketing interventions.
The findings reveal that social media engagement has the strongest impact on consumer
purchase behaviour, followed closely by influencer recommendations and online reviews.
Digital advertisements, while influential, exert a comparatively moderate effect. Younger
consumers, particularly those aged between 18 and 35 years, exhibit higher responsiveness
to digital marketing strategies. Overall, the combined effect of all digital marketing variables
accounts for 68% of the variance in purchase behaviour, indicating the substantial role of
digital interventions in shaping consumer decisions.
This research provides valuable insights for marketing professionals to design targeted, datadriven, and consumer-centric strategies. It also contributes to the academic literature by
offering empirical evidence of the influence of digital marketing on contemporary consumer
behaviour. The study underscores the need for businesses to leverage digital platforms
effectively, maintain credibility through online reviews and influencer engagement, and
adapt marketing strategies to changing consumer preferences.

विज्ञान विषय में मिश्रित शिक्षण पद्धति से विद्यार्थियों की संज्ञानात्मक क्षमताओं (विश्लेषण, व्याख्या, अनुप्रयोग) का विकास” मुकेश कुमार वर्तमान युग विज्ञान और तकनीकी प्रगति का युग है, जहाँ शिक्षा प्रणाली निरंतर परिवर्तनशील है। शिक्षा का उद्देश्य केवल ज्ञान

मुकेश कुमार — 2026-09-15

वर्तमान युग विज्ञान और तकनीकी प्रगति का युग है, जहाँ शिक्षा प्रणाली निरंतर परिवर्तनशील है। शिक्षा का उद्देश्य केवल ज्ञानार्जन तक सीमित न रहकर विद्यार्थियों में सोचने, समझने और प्रयोग करने की क्षमता विकसित करना है। पारंपरिक शिक्षण पद्धतियाँ जहाँ ज्ञान के प्रसार पर केंद्रित रही हैं, वहीं आधुनिक शिक्षा प्रणाली शिक्षार्थी-केंद्रित और तकनीक-सम्मिलित शिक्षण की ओर अग्रसर है। इसी दिशा में मिश्रित शिक्षण पद्धति एक प्रभावी शैक्षणिक दृष्टिकोण के रूप में उभरकर सामने आई है, जो पारंपरिक शिक्षण और ऑनलाइन शिक्षण — दोनों के समन्वय से निर्मित है।

“Impact of Mobile Technology on Economic Empowerment of Tribal Women: A Study of Amravati Region”

Dr. Sanjay Keshaorao Katait, — 2026-09-30

Mobile technology has become an important part of everyday life and is increasingly influencing economic and social activities in rural and tribal communities. Mobile phones and smartphones provide access to communication, digital financial services, market information, government schemes, education, employment opportunities and entrepreneurial activities. For tribal women, who may face geographical isolation, limited economic resources, restricted mobility and inadequate access to formal institutions, mobile technology can provide new opportunities for economic participation.

The present study examines the role of mobile technology in the economic empowerment of tribal women in the Melghat region of Amravati district, Maharashtra. The study focuses on mobile-phone access and usage, digital literacy, financial inclusion, income-generating activities, entrepreneurship and participation in household economic decision-making. It also examines the technological, financial and socio-cultural barriers that may restrict the effective use of mobile technology.

Entrepreneurial Performance of Tribal Women: A Study of Amravati Division

Dr. Sanjay Keshaorao Katait — 2026-09-30

Tribal women entrepreneurship has emerged as an important component of inclusive economic development, particularly in regions where livelihoods depend on agriculture, forest resources, traditional skills, handicrafts, and small-scale processing. This study examines the business performance of tribal women entrepreneurs in the Amravati Division of Maharashtra. It focuses on key dimensions of performance, including income generation, sales growth, profitability, employment creation, access to finance, market participation, digital adoption, and entrepreneurial capabilities. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research approach. Primary data may be collected through a structured questionnaire administered to tribal women entrepreneurs, while secondary data are obtained from government reports, institutional publications, and academic literature. The proposed framework examines the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics, financial access, skills, digital literacy, market access, institutional support, and business performance. An illustrative dataset of 100 respondents is presented for demonstrating the analytical framework. The study highlights the importance of financial inclusion, training, digital capabilities, market linkages, and institutional support in promoting sustainable tribal women entrepreneurship.