Journal of the Oriental Institute, ISSN:0030-5324 UGC CARE Group 1

EFFECT OF HUNGER INDEX ON EDUCATION PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL GIRL STUDENTS IN MEERUT DISTRICT

Mr. Apar Sharma and Dr (Prof.) Santosh Sharma — 2025-02-01

The study investigates how the Hunger Index affects the academic achievement of female secondary school pupils in the Meerut district. A major obstacle to learning and academic success is hunger, which is defined by inadequate nutrition and its related impacts. With an emphasis on comprehending how conditions like undernourishment, stunting, and wasting affect cognitive ability and general educational performance, this study examines the relationship between nutritional inadequacies and the academic outcomes of female students in secondary schools. Primary data was gathered through surveys and interviews using a mixed-method approach, while secondary data was added from pertinent studies and reports. The results show differences in academic performance according to nutritional status, with girls from homes with severe or concerning hunger index problems performing worse academically than their classmates. The study highlights the significance of tackling hunger as a crucial factor influencing academic achievement and offers guidance to educators and politicians on how to create focused interventions. It promotes integrated strategies to improve the learning results of female students and encourage fair education in the area, such as better nutrition programs and encouraging learning settings.

The influence of adjustment on academic achievement of adolescent students

Seema Juneja and Dr. Suman Bala — 2025-02-01

This study presents a comprehensive review of the influence of adjustment on the academic achievement of adolescent students. Adjustment encompasses various aspects, including emotional regulation, social interactions, family support, school environments, and technology use. These factors play a critical role in shaping adolescents' academic outcomes. The review explores how well-adjusted adolescents, who effectively manage their emotions, maintain supportive relationships, and engage in positive school climates, are more likely to succeed academically. The systematic review examines peer-reviewed articles, books, and scholarly works published up to 2024, focusing on the relationship between adjustment and academic performance among adolescents in India and abroad. The selected literature is critically evaluated based on its objectives, methodology, and findings to identify patterns and trends in the influence of adjustment on academic achievement. By synthesizing the findings from these studies, the paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of the impact of adjustment on the academic success of adolescent students. The review's findings highlight the importance of creating supportive environments that foster emotional, social, and academic adjustment in adolescents. Schools should invest in counseling services, extracurricular activities, and quality teaching to promote a positive climate for students. Parents' active involvement and balanced use of technology are also essential for adolescents' success. By addressing these factors, stakeholders can help adolescents reach their full academic potential.

Regional variations within India: Patterns and Determinants

Ms. Samiksha Kapoor — 2025-02-01

India got its independence from the British rule in 1947, and since then it has gone through major economic and political changes. From independence up till 1980, India’s average annual growth rate stood at 3.5 per cent per annum which increased remarkably in the following decades. Between 1980 and 2000, India registered a growth rate of 5.6 per cent per annum. While GDP growth has increased, there has also been a growth in divergence among states in terms of individual growth and development. This paper attempts to study the empirical data for growth and development across states and intuitively understand the reasons and the extent of the regional disparities in India.

Optimization Accuracy of Blackhole Attacks in RPL Network using Machine Learning Technique

Himanshu Gaurav,Dr. Navneet Kaur — 2025-02-01

Abstract: - Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is widely adopted for Internet of Things (IoT) applications due to its energy efficiency and scalability. However, RPL is vulnerable to various security threats, particularly blackhole attacks, where a malicious node drops all the packets it receives, leading to significant performance degradation. This research focuses on optimizing the detection and mitigation of blackhole attacks in RPL networks using machine learning techniques.

The study leverages supervised machine learning algorithms to classify and identify malicious nodes based on network traffic patterns, packet loss rates, and routing metrics. Feature selection methods are employed to enhance model performance by identifying the most relevant parameters influencing blackhole detection. Comprehensive experiments are conducted using a simulated RPL network environment to evaluate the proposed approach in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.

THE CONCEPT AND FORMS OF EXPLOITATION IN THE NOVELS OF MULK RAJ ANAND AND ANNA BHAU SATHE

Dr. Ambadas Dadasaheb Sakat — 2025-02-01

Mulk Raj Anand and Anna Bhau Sathe are the prominent writers of Modern Indian Literature in English and Marathi. The present paper deals with different forms of exploitation in the novels of Mulk Raj Anand and Anna Bhau Sathe with special reference to novels such as Coolie, Fakira, Untouchable, Chandan etc. Both the writers are mainly concern with the theme of exploitation. They attack on the tyranny and exploitation of working-class people in Punjab and Maharashtra. The capitalists are socially, economically and culturally sound. Such capitalists make exploitation of innocent people of the downtrodden community. In Mulik Raj Anand’s Untouchable, upper class people don’t allow the lower class people to finch water on the common well. Moreover, they are not allowed to enter into the temple. Such poor people of the lower class communities were supposed to do works of cleaning latrines in the villages. They look after the pet animals of the rich people. Young boys from the downtrodden communities work as a sweeper boy, a shoe polish boy, a chimney sweeper in big cities. They had no proper place at all in the aristocratic society. Anand and Annabhau emphasized democratic views of Karl Marx, Mahatma Gandhi, and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar etc.

An observation on food preference of Indian palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum in a residential premises at Bikaner, Rajasthan

Meera Srivastava — 2025-02-01

The Indian palm squirrel or three-striped palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae found naturally in India and Sri Lanka. The squirrel is about the size of a large chipmunk, with a bushy tail slightly shorter than its body. The back is a grizzled, grey-brown colour with three conspicuous white stripes which run from head to tail. The two outer stripes run from the forelegs to the hind legs only. It has a creamy-white belly and a tail covered with interspersed, long, black and white hair. The ears are small and triangular.

An Evaluation of the Historical Backdrop to the Role of Technology in Human Life

Sagar Kamath, Dr. Rajesh Babu — 2025-02-01

This study evaluates the historical evolution of technology and its profound role in shaping human life. Beginning with early tools and fire in prehistoric times, technology has continuously transformed societies, from the agricultural innovations of the Neolithic era to the engineering feats of ancient civilizations. The Industrial Revolution marked a turning point, introducing mechanization and mass production, while the 20th century saw accelerated advancements in communication, transportation, and electrification. The digital and information age brought unprecedented connectivity through the internet, social media, and mobile technology, revolutionizing daily life but also presenting challenges such as digital dependency and environmental concerns. This evaluation highlights the dual impact of technology—enhancing human potential while raising ethical, societal, and sustainability issues. As humanity faces the future, balancing innovation with responsibility will be key to ensuring technology serves as a force for progress and equity.

Voices of Identity and Resilience: Exploring Jesmyn Ward’s Selected Narrative Landscapes

Dr. Ritu Kumar and Saloni — 2025-02-01

This research paper discovers the theme of Identity resilience in the literary works of Jasmyn Ward. Jesmyn Ward is an American novelist and professor of English at Tulane University. In Ward’s literary landscape, most themes belong to the race class and marginalization. Her works resonate with postcolonial theory which incorporates the lingering effects of colonial power structure cultural and identity construction in the postcolonial world. Using the lens of Postcolonial Ward’s characters resonate with the theme of identity, many of her characters navigate the social-political legacy of enslavement. Her narratives echo the central tenets of postcolonialism, resistance to domination, reclamation of identity, and search for agency in the operative systems. This research paper examines how word stories intertwine the realities of African American experience with broader post-colonial Frameworks. Authors such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Salman Rushdie, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Jesmyn Ward, explore similar themes of Identity within post-colonial contexts. By Linking word narrative with essential postcolonial theorists such as Frantz Fanon and Homi Ke Bhabha, this study unravels how her narrative works as a platform for recovering Marginalised voice and negotiating cultural identity.

योग और प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा द्वारा मानसिक और शारीरिक तनाव का प्रबंधनरू स्वस्थ और सुखी जीवन की ओर एक पहल

सुभाष चैहान and डॉ. मनोज कुमार शर्मा — 2025-02-01

आधुनिक जीवन में तनाव एक व्यापक मुद्दा है, जो मानसिक और शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य को महत्वपूर्ण रूप से प्रभावित करता है। यह अध्ययन 25-50 वर्ष की आयु के 20 प्रतिभागियों को शामिल करते हुए 8-सप्ताह के हस्तक्षेप के माध्यम से तनाव के प्रबंधन में योग और प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा की प्रभावशीलता का मूल्यांकन करता है। हस्तक्षेप ने योग अभ्यास जैसे आसन, प्राणायाम और ध्यान को हाइड्रोथेरेपी, आहार चिकित्सा और हर्बल उपचार सहित प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा उपचारों के साथ जोड़ा। परिणामों ने कथित तनाव के स्तर में 44þ की कमी, रक्तचाप में 14þ सुधार, हृदय गति परिवर्तनशीलता में 42þ की वृद्धि और मांसपेशियों के तनाव में 47þ की कमी दिखाई। प्रतिभागियों ने कार्यक्रम के साथ उच्च संतुष्टि की सूचना दी, इसकी व्यवहार्यता और प्रभावकारिता पर प्रकाश डाला। यह अध्ययन निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि योग और प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा तनाव प्रबंधन के लिए एक समग्र, सुलभ और टिकाऊ दृष्टिकोण प्रदान करते हैं।

आत्मनिर्भरता: भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा

डॉ. स्वाति वसंतराव शेलार — 2025-02-02

आत्मनिर्भरता एक ऐसी स्थिति या गुण है जिसमें व्यक्ति, समाज, या राष्ट्र अपनी आवश्यकताओं को स्वयं पूरा करने में सक्षम होता है। इसका मतलब है कि बाहरी सहायता, संसाधनों, या निर्भरता के बिना आत्मनिर्भर बनकर समस्याओं का समाधान करना और आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करना। यह मानसिक, आर्थिक, सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक दृष्टिकोण से महत्वपूर्ण है।

भारत की प्राचीन, समृद्ध और बहुस्तरीय बौद्धिक परंपरा को संदर्भित करती है। यह परंपरा वैदिक, शास्त्रीय और लोक ज्ञान से लेकर आधुनिक विज्ञान, कला, दर्शन, और साहित्य तक फैली हुई है। इसमें ज्ञान को केवल सांसारिक समझ के रूप में नहीं, बल्कि आध्यात्मिक उन्नति और सत्य की खोज के रूप में देखा गया है।

वेद भारत के प्राचीनतम ग्रंथ हैं, जिन्हें 'अपौरुषेय' और 'अनादि' माना जाता है। उपनिषद ज्ञान के गूढ़ और दार्शनिक पक्षों पर केंद्रित हैं, जो आत्मा, ब्रह्म और मोक्ष के गहरे विचार प्रस्तुत करते हैं। भारतीय दर्शन छह प्रमुख आस्तिक दर्शनों (न्याय, वैशेषिक, सांख्य, योग, मीमांसा, वेदांत) और चार नास्तिक दर्शनों (बौद्ध, जैन, चार्वाक, आजीविक) में विभाजित है। इन विचारधाराओं ने तर्क, चेतना, ब्रह्मांड, नैतिकता और मुक्ति पर गहन चर्चा की है। आर्यभट्ट, भास्कराचार्य, ब्रह्मगुप्त जैसे गणितज्ञों ने अंकगणित, त्रिकोणमिति और खगोलशास्त्र में अग्रणी योगदान दिया। आयुर्वेद (चरक संहिता, सुश्रुत संहिता) प्राचीन चिकित्सा विज्ञान का प्रमुख स्रोत है।

"Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Moringa oleifera”

AKHILESH DWIVEDI and DR. GULZAR AHMED — 2025-02-05

Moringa oleifera, a tropical plant native to the Indian subcontinent, has been used for centuries in traditional
medicine and as a nutritional supplement. The plant is rich in phytochemicals, including flavonoids,
alkaloids, and phenolic acids, which have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
antimicrobial activities. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical
composition and biological activity of Moringa oleifera. The literature suggests that Moringa extracts exhibit
significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and may have potential applications in the prevention
and treatment of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Furthermore, the
plant's phytochemicals have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity, suggesting potential applications
in the development of new antimicrobial agents. Overall, this review highlights the nutraceutical and
pharmacological potential of Moringa oleifera, and suggests that further research is warranted to fully explore
its therapeutic applications.

DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING METHOD THROUGH PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM USING DCT

Anu Jayalwal — 2025-02-07

Now a days there is increase in data exchange over digital media. As a result of that one multimedia data like audio, video, images transfer increases day by day. Watermarking is very famous now days due to security concern. There are many applications of watermarking with the help of which security can be increased in data. There are many areas where watermarking can be used such as copyright protection, fingerprint authentication, copy control etc. With the help of algorithms robustness and imperceptibility can be improved.

मुस्लिम महिलाओं के बीच डिजिटल तकनीकी का प्रयोग- फिरोजाबाद नगर का एक अध्ययन

शवनम — 2025-02-07

इक्कीसवीं सदी के युग में विज्ञान एवं तकनीकी का प्रचुर मात्रा में विकास हुआ है। देश के विकास के लिए और यह समाज के प्रत्येक सदस्य के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण आयाम है। वर्तमान समय में कम्प्यूटर, लैपटाॅप, टैबलेट, आइपैड, स्मार्टफोन आदि के प्रयोग में वृद्धि देखी जा रही है। इन डिजिटल तकनीकी उपकरणों के माध्यम से कार्यों को बहुत सुगम और कम समय में किया जा रहा है। डिजिटल तकनीकी का प्रयोग वर्तमान तकनीकी युग व वैश्विक परिप्रेक्ष्य में अपरिहार्य व महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि डिजिटल तकनीकी प्रयोग के माध्यम से विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में रोजगार, सूचना, सृजन व कम समय में अधिक ज्ञान अर्जित कर सकता है। उक्त सन्दर्भ को ध्यान में रखते हुए प्रस्तुत अध्ययन ‘मुस्लिम महिलाओं के बीच डिजिटल तकनीकी का प्रयोग- फिरोजाबाद नगर का एक अध्ययन’ का चुनाव किया गया है। इस अध्ययन में सिम्पल रैण्डम सैम्पलिंग तकनीक के द्वारा कुल निदर्शन आकार में 100 उत्तरदाताओं को चयनित किया गया है। यह अध्ययन प्राथमिक व द्वितीयक डेटा पर आधारित है। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य फिरोजाबाद नगर की मुस्लिम महिलाओं में डिजिटल साक्षरता, डिजिटल तकनीकी प्रयोग, डिजिटल तकनीकी प्रयोग के उद्देश्य एवं मुस्लिम परिवारों में डिजिटल तकनीकी उपकरणों की उपलब्धता एवं डिजिटल भुगतान के प्रयोग में सहभागिता के विषय में जानकारी एकत्रित करना है।

INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL ADVERTISEMENTS ON CHANGING CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOR IN CHENNAI CITY

Dr. K. GANDHI — 2025-02-08

Digital advertisements have become popular in recent decades, in particular, digital advertisements in popular social media, such as YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, etc. are popular. Advertisements on financial products are most frequent on social media. YouTube is one of the popular social media popularly and frequently used by people. The present study has concentrated on the aspects of financial products telecasted on YouTube in Chennai city. For this purpose, the researcher considered only financial products such as insurance and banking products in the study area. The researchers collected primary data from 524 respondents in the study area, for this purpose a well-structured questionnaire was used. Five-point scaling technique was adopted to collect data from the respondents, Simple percentage, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used as statistical tools to analyse the primary data. The study found that digital advertisements on YouTube on financial products created interest among viewers. It also created awareness among viewers to a larger extent. But digital advertisements in YouTube had impulse on customers toward financial products to some extent and many of the viewers opined that they took sufficient time to make purchase decisions to purchase the financial products that were advertised through YouTube. Making the contents of digital advertisements of financial products more informative and more interesting will attract many other viewers in the future.

FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER PREFERENCES FOR ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS IN CHENNAI CITY – A STUDY

Dr. K. GANDHI — 2025-02-08

The increase in population in India prompted the government to implement the Green Revolution. This initiative involved the extensive use of chemical fertilizers to enhance the productivity of agricultural goods. However, this approach significantly compromised the quality of these products and began to have detrimental effects on human health. In recent decades, there has been a growing awareness among consumers regarding the benefits of organic food, leading to an increase in its consumption. A study was conducted to examine the significant factors influencing customers' intentions to purchase organic food products in Chennai. Among the six key factors analyzed, health consciousness and environmental concerns emerged as the most influential on the intention to buy organic food in the region. Additionally, personal and financial factors also played a role in shaping purchase intentions, although their impact was not as pronounced as that of health and environmental considerations. Conversely, knowledge and product-related factors did not demonstrate a significant effect on the intention to purchase organic food products in Chennai.

JHUM CULTIVATION IN MANIPUR: A CASE STUDY

Laimayum Ashutosh Sharma — 2025-02-09

Manipur is one of the important states in the north-eastern part of India with an area of 8621 square miles. About 90% of total area is hill areas and the remaining 10 % valley. Settled agriculture is practised in the valley. Because of the uneven terrain of the hill districts, settled agriculture is impossible. Thus, communities in the said districts have to rely on jhum cultivation for their livelihood. However, this method of cultivation has its own challenges which pose as a hindrance to agricultural production and development. The current article seeks to investigate and examine the present scenario of jhum cultivation in the districts of Chandel, Churachandpur, Senapati, Tamenglong and Ukhrul. The article delves into the status of cultivation, natural as well as man-made challenges face by jhum cultivation. The paper also describes impacts of jhum cultivation on the environment of the said districts and Manipur as a whole. Moreover, it also suggests ways to minimise the impact of jhum cultivation on our environment so that the cultivation method itself as well as resources can be sustainably adopted and utilised.

Mobile phone use among Manipuri youth during Covid-19 lockdown

Dr. Achom Roshan Kumar — 2025-02-09

The imposition of Covid-19 lockdown for months during the first half of 2020 brought about manifold increase in the use of mobile/smartphone among youths in Manipur. The complete lockdown for a long period of time brought about certain new ways of using mobile phone. This period saw the advent of online class in schools, colleges and educational institutions throughout the state. The sudden increase of mobile phone use for various purposes from communicating with one’s friends and relatives to online purchases, social networking, mobile gaming, online business etc is simply unprecedented. The present paper aims to unfold the various ways in which mobile/ smartphone is used by youths during Covid-19 lockdown. Incremental use of smartphone in the number of hours, mobile gaming, social media, virtual class and online shopping has been found in this study. The youths who are at the forefront of this digital communication revolution should be provided careful and proper guidance so that they may not get lost in the midst of this ever-evolving digital jungle.

PETROCAPITALISM AND ITS EFFECTS: AN ECO CRITICAL STUDY OF AMITAV GHOSH’S

1. N. Karpagavalli , 2. Dr. N. Kavidha — 2025-02-10

THE CIRCLE OF REASON

Amitav Ghosh’s. The Circle of Reason focuses on themes like migration, displacement, storytelling, war, sanitation, ecology and purity. A close reading of this novel reveals a number of ecological issues that is existing in the last few decades causing environmental disasters. Journey as a motif, connects the three parts of the novel. The novel symbolically deals with the three stages of human life- Satwa – which means search for wisdom, Rajas – life of passion and Tamas – darkness and destruction. Birds are true representations of the ecology of a place. The novel delves into how birds are deprived of their natural lifecycle and remain disrupted. Petrocapitalism serves as a very powerful motif to show the depletion of fuel, leading to the displaced refugees and exploited biosphere. This paper attempts to make an eco-critical reading of the novel, The Circle of Reason.

EXPLORING AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN TEACHER WORK ENGAGEMENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE VALLEY REGION OF MANIPUR

2025-02-11

This study examines the levels of work engagement among teachers in the Valley Region of Manipur, focusing on differences by age and gender. A sample of 855 teachers from schools, colleges, and universities participated in a survey assessing engagement through the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Results revealed significant age-related differences, with older teachers reporting higher levels of vigour, dedication, and absorption compared to younger teachers. Gender differences were minimal, although male teachers scored significantly higher in vigour. These findings suggest that while both age and gender influence aspects of teacher engagement, targeted interventions may be necessary to support younger teachers and ensure sustained engagement across the workforce. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how demographic factors impact teacher engagement, providing a basis for strategies aimed at enhancing educational effectiveness.

Witness Protection Regime in the Indian Criminal Justice System: Addressing Gaps and Proposing Reforms

Dr. Anand Kumar Vishwakarma and Ankita shukla — 2025-02-12

The criminal justice system serves as the cornerstone of any society governed by the rule of law. In India, the system’s efficacy is measured by its ability to ensure justice, maintain law and order, and protect the fundamental rights of its citizens. Witnesses, often referred to as the “sentinels of justice,” play an indispensable role in this framework. Their testimonies can make or break a case, acting as the bridge between crime and conviction. The criminal justice system in India, while undergoing significant reforms, faces challenges in ensuring the safety and protection of witnesses. However, witnesses often face significant risks, including threats, harassment, and physical harm, which undermine their ability to testify freely and truthfully. The need for a robust witness protection mechanism is thus essential to safeguard their interests and uphold the integrity of the justice system. Due to intimidation, threats, and even violence, faced by witnesses, leading to a reluctance to come forward and testify. This not only undermines the prosecution's case but also perpetuates a culture of impunity for criminals. To address this issue, the Indian government has implemented various measures, including the Witness Protection Scheme, 2018, which provides protection to witnesses in specific categories of crimes. However, the effectiveness of this scheme has been questioned due to limited resources, lack of awareness, and inadequate implementation.

SINGLE-TIER CHEMICAL CONCEPT INVENTORY (STCCI) TO IDENTIFY THE MISCONCEPTIONS OF TWELFTH-GRADE STUDENTS

1. Anirban Ghosh , 2. Dr. Chandan Adhikary — 2025-02-13

The study aimed to develop a Single-Tier Chemical Concept Inventory (STCCI) to identify the misconceptions in hydrogen bond among twelfth-grade students of East Bardhaman district, West Bengal, India. Initially, an inventory consisting of fifteen multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the topic of hydrogen bond was developed. The validation process followed pilot testing with twenty-eight randomly selected students. Based on the CVR (Content Validity Ratio) values ten items were declared valid. After analysing ten items, the Cronbach’s alpha value was found to be 0.832, while the average item difficulty and the discrimination values were 0.5184 and 0.7625, respectively. Then, the standardized inventory was implemented to seventy-two twelfth-grade students having chemistry as a major for determining their misconceptions with the help of item distractors. Independent sample t-test was applied using Jamovi software to compare students’ misconceptions based on gender and locale. The results revealed that female-rural students showed the highest level of misconceptions.

SIR LAND: VIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS OF SELECT COMMITTEE AND LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL RELATED TO AGRA TENANCY ACT 1926

Dr. Anshu Chaudhary — 2025-02-15

In the history of land revenue system under British Rule of India, Sir land was always subject of dispute between government and zamindars. Question of Sir Land made heated discussions among members of Select committee and legislative council of United Province. In this paper I am presenting the views of members of select committee related to provisions of Sir land of Agra tenancy Act 1926. I present the detailed discussions of British Government members and other Indian members of select committee in the process of making Agra tenancy Act 1926. Issue of Sir land became very important because some members of select committee were also zamidars. For petty zamindars Sir land was mean of livelihood but on the other hand for big one it was means of luxury life and status of society. Some of Indian zamidars were in opposition of increment of Sir land but most of zamidars supporting to negate the limitation of acquiring Sir land. British Government members of select committee and legislative council of United Provinces opposed the acquiring Sir beyond the scale especially clause 4(dd) and clause 42 which was proposed by the select committee.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SCREEN-TIME DURATION WITH HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS IN ADOLESCENTS

Mansi George, Sandeep Dhull — 2025-02-16

Adolescents today spend an average of 3–4 hours daily on screen-based activities, far exceeding the recommended limit of 2 hours per day by the World Health Organization (WHO).(Dubey et al., 2018) This trend has escalated with the rise of smartphones, online education, and digital entertainment platforms, drastically transforming adolescent lifestyles. Screen-time, defined as the total time spent on devices like smartphones, computers, televisions, and tablets, has seen a dramatic increase over recent years. While technology has enabled advancements in communication and education, excessive screen-time poses a critical challenge to health-related fitness, which encompasses physical, mental, and emotional well-being.(Panjeti-Madan & Ranganathan, 2023) Health-related fitness is a multidimensional construct, including components such as cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition, which are essential for overall well-being and quality of life.(Britton et al., 2020) Adolescence, a critical period of growth and development, requires balanced physical activity for optimal health. However, sedentary behaviours associated with prolonged screen-time often lead to adverse health outcomes, such as obesity, musculoskeletal issues, and mental health disorders like anxiety and depression.(Kumar et al., 2015) Consequently, understanding the relationship between screen-time duration and health-related fitness is vital to developing evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles in adolescents.

MIND OVER CRISIS: EXPLORING COVID-19 IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH AND THE PATHWAY TO RESILIENCE

1. Dr.P.Nathiya , 2. Silpa Meenakshi V — 2025-02-17

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global life, disrupting various aspects, including adolescent psychological well-being. This paper examines how the pandemic affected adolescents, a group facing unique developmental challenges. Understanding these effects is crucial, as mental health concerns among adolescents often receive less attention in broader public health discussions. The study explores disruptions in daily routines, increased mental health challenges, academic stress, strained social relationships, and shifting family dynamics. Additionally, it examines coping mechanisms, resilience, long-term psychological consequences, and interventions to support adolescent well-being. Through a comprehensive review of existing research, the paper synthesizes findings on adolescent mental health during COVID-19. The results reveal heightened levels of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and social isolation. Online learning transitions, cancelled extracurricular activities, and family conflicts have further intensified stress, affecting self-esteem. This study highlights the need for early intervention and emphasizes the role of schools, communities, and government programs in providing mental health support. Ultimately, the findings call for continued research and policy initiatives to mitigate long-term effects and ensure adolescent psychological well-being during and beyond future crises.

PENOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN ADDRESSING RADICALIZATION AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM: PERSPECTIVES FROM JAMMU AND KASHMIR

1. Vineet Sharma, 2. Bhupender , 3. Prof. (Dr.) Savita Nayyar — 2025-02-17

The phenomenon of radicalization and violent extremism threatens peace, stability, and security in conflict zones, including Jammu and Kashmir. This region, marked by socio-political instability and insurgency, has witnessed a surge in extremist activities, complicating peace efforts. This research paper explores the penological challenges of addressing radicalization and extremism in Jammu and Kashmir, analysing the current situation, underlying factors, and the effectiveness of countermeasures. Using qualitative methods such as interviews, focus groups, and document analysis, the study gathers insights from law enforcement, policymakers, civil society, and academics. Key findings reveal critical issues: the lack of robust rehabilitation and reintegration programs for former extremists, substandard prison conditions fostering radicalization, and poor coordination among stakeholders. Community engagement remains challenging due to deep-seated mistrust and socio-political tensions. The paper recommends developing comprehensive rehabilitation programs with psychosocial support and vocational training, improving prison conditions, enhancing stakeholder coordination, and promoting community engagement to build trust and cooperation.2

EXPLORING STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS CO-SCHOLASTIC ACTIVITIES: A GENDER-BASED ANALYSIS IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF IMPHAL WEST, MANIPUR

1. Ayekpam Sheela Devi , 2. Dr. W. Jyotirmoy Singh — 2025-02-17

This study aims to assess students' attitudes toward co-scholastic activities in government secondary schools in Imphal West District, Manipur. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure the attitudes of 100 students (50 male and 50 female), with a focus on testing the reliability of the instrument, determining overall attitudes, and comparing attitudes based on gender. The reliability of the questionnaire was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.784), and students exhibited positive attitudes toward co-scholastic activities. However, a significant gender difference was found, with male students showing more positive attitudes than female students. The study highlights the importance of gender-sensitive co-scholastic programs and provides valuable insights for educators to foster inclusive and equitable participation.

THE TEMPLE ART OF ODISHA: A STUDY OF THE ARTIST AND CRAFT ORGANIZATION

Ujwala Kumar Mohanandia — 2025-02-17

In India, monuments are frequently categorised according to the dynasty that ruled at the time they were constructed. Compared to other regions, Odisha is unique in that its temple art has a steady and continuous development that appears to have been unaffected by the numerous kingdoms that ruled the territory¹.The aforementioned remark implies the existence of a strong architectural legacy and the continuation of a tradition of temple sculptors and architects in accordance with a recognised standard. Over 700 years, from the 6th century CE to the 13th century CE, Odisha saw a constant human endeavour in the field of temple construction, which has yielded common characteristics. The Odishan School, also known as Kalingan School, of temple art was in full swing due to the huge religious and cultural resurrection that started with the political period of Sailodbhavas, gained momentum under the Bhaumakaras and Somavamsis, and peaked during the Ganga period. Even under the Suryavamsi-Gajapatis, however, the activities continued, albeit very little and at a subsistence level. From Parasuramesvara (Fig.1) to the Lingaraj (Fig.2) temples at Bhubaneswar, to the massive Sun temple at Konark, the art of Odisha's temples shows a definite evolutionary trend for the observant observer.

India’s Foreign Policy and Strategic Autonomy in a Changing Global Order

Sujith R — 2025-02-17

In recent decades, India’s foreign policy has undergone a significant transformation, particularly towards a de-hyphenated approach. During the era of rising multipolarity, characterised by a lack of concentration of power in a unipolar or bipolar framework, India has sought to assert its strategic autonomy by refraining from aligning with any singular primary power or bloc. This de-hyphenation program allows India to engage with diverse global actors, including the United States, Russia, China, and the European Union, free from ideological or geopolitical commitments. By prioritising national interests and diversifying its diplomatic efforts, India has aimed to enhance its global influence while maintaining its sovereignty within a fragmented and intricate international landscape. This article examines the rationale behind India's de-hyphenation policy, its internal effects on foreign policy, and its worldwide implications for geopolitics in a multipolar context. It argues that India’s pursuit of strategic autonomy reaffirms its role as a significant player in the global political system and positions India as a proponent of a balanced and inclusive world order. The onset of the third decade of the 21st century has been characterised by notable occurrences, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the escalation of tensions between Israel and Palestine, and other confrontations between the United States and China across multiple domains. Furthermore, the formation of new alliance systems, such the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), BRICS, QUAD, and I2U2, is further influencing global power dynamics. In 2014, a paradigm shift in political leadership transpired in India, resulting in a transformation of its foreign policy strategy. India has implemented several strategic efforts to manoeuvre within the emerging global power structure, including Panchamrit, multi-alignment, and strategic autonomy, among others. In the current global order, the East and West are polarised on multiple topics, as seen by the emergence of new alliance institutions. Conversely, India has established a strategic position in both the East and West by participating in both coalitions. This research paper comprehensively examines India’s policy of de-hyphenation in the emerging multipolar world order.

The Influence of Screen Time on Flexibility and Muscular Endurance in adolescents.

Mansi George1, Sandeep Dhull2 — 2025-02-19

Introduction: With the increasing reliance on digital devices, adolescents are spending prolonged hours on screens, raising concerns about its impact on physical fitness. Excessive screen time contributes to sedentary behavior, which may affect flexibility and muscular endurance, two essential components of overall health and functional movement. This study aims to examine the differences in flexibility and muscular endurance across varying levels of screen time among adolescents.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 adolescents, categorized into three screen time groups: 0-60 minutes, 60-180 minutes, and 180 minutes or more per day. Flexibility and muscular endurance were assessed using standardized tests. Normality was evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, and since the data were non-normally distributed (P < 0.05), the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare differences across screen time groups.

Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in both flexibility (H = 9.1, P = 0.011) and muscular endurance (H = 33.208, P = 0.001) across screen time levels. Adolescents with higher screen time (≥180 min/day) had the highest mean ranks for both fitness measures, suggesting variability in physical activity engagement within this group. However, prolonged screen exposure remains a risk factor for reduced physical activity levels, muscle weakness, and postural imbalances.

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of balancing screen time with physical activity to maintain flexibility and muscular endurance in adolescents. While some high screen-time users may engage in active screen-based activities, excessive sedentary behavior can negatively affect musculoskeletal health. Future research should focus on differentiating between passive and active screen use and developing guidelines to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged screen exposure.

UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY: GENDER DIFFERENCES AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Mrs. Anithalakshmi — 2025-02-22

Emotional reactivity refers to the tendency to experience frequent and intense emotional arousal. Both the threshold and ease with which individuals become emotionally aroused and the intensity of emotional experiences are aspects of emotional reactivity. This study is to determine the level of emotional reactivity among males and females. Sample size is 98 males and 98 females. The Emotional Reactivity Questionnaire by Pers (Becerra et al., 2019) was used to measure the emotional reactivity level. The independent t-test shows that the t value is 1.092 and the p value is 0.276, which indicates that there is no significance between females and males. The factor analysis method was used to analyse the data. Both factor extraction and factor rotation methods were executed in this study. The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) suggests that the majority of the variability in the data can be explained by the first few principal components, particularly Components 1 and 2, which together capture 77.740% of the total variance. Varimax rotation aims to simplify the interpretation of the components by maximizing the variance of the squared loadings within each component and minimizing the cross-variable loadings.

BECOMING THE BEST VERSION: THE INTERPLAY OF SELF-REFLECTION, PERSONAL GROWTH, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Mrs. S. Anithalakshmi — 2025-02-22

This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the interrelationship between personal growth, self-reflection, and psychological well-being. We explore the theoretical foundations of these concepts, examine empirical research findings, and discuss their implications for individuals and society. The review highlights the role of self-reflection in fostering personal development and its impact on psychological well-being. We also identify future directions for research and practical applications for promoting mental health through self-awareness and personal growth strategies.

MEASURING FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN UTTAR PRADESH- A DISTRICT LEVEL ANALYSIS

1. Vandita Srivastava, 2. Dr Arvind Awasthi — 2025-02-24

Financial inclusion has been recognised as a significant contributor to economic development and growth. This study delves into the extent of financial inclusion in the states of India, with special focus on the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and its districts. The study develops an index of financial inclusion for the states for the years FY 2014 and FY 2022 and the districts of Uttar Pradesh for the period FY 2014 to FY 2022. The study concludes that the extent of financial inclusion in the state of UP and its districts is low. It also observes that the state ranks low across all the three dimensions of the Index of Financial Inclusion. Amongst the districts of the state of UP, Lucknow and Gautam Buddh Nagar have better performance vis-à-vis other districts.

Successful management of hypothyroidism symptoms with Shankh Mudra: A Case Study

Dr. Preeti Joshi1, Dr. Gaurav Phull2, Dr. Mohan Rao3 — 2025-02-25

Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine diseases. When the production of thyroid hormone is reduced it is termed as hypothyroidism. Impairment of the thyroid function is normally associated with variations in body weight and composition, temperature of the body, along with total and resting energy expenditure, as the triiodothyronine regulates the normal metabolism and thermogenesis and thereby plays a more crucial role in the metabolism pathways such as the glucose and lipid metabolism, and also food intake, and the fatty acid oxidation¹. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in India is 11%^2.

A STUDY ON SOCIAL ACTIVITIES OF HINDU WOMEN IN BENGAL (1526-1707)

1. Rupam Ghosh , 2. Dr. Uma Dubey — 2025-02-27

During the period from 1526 to 1707, Hindu women in Bengal made critical commitments towards social exercises, assuming different and dynamic parts that enhanced the structure holding the system together. In spite of confronting imperatives forced by man centric standards and strict remedies, women from different financial foundations tracked down ways of declaring their organisation, encouraged local area union, and advanced social government assistance through a scope of drives and commitment. One of the critical areas of commitment for Hindu women was in the domain of schooling and scholarly pursuits. Notwithstanding restricted admittance to formal instructive establishments, women from tip top and rich families got training at home, frequently under the direction of coaches or relatives. These women arose as benefactors of picking up, supporting artistic expression, writing, and grant through their support and sponsorship. women like Chand Saudagar and Sita Devi assumed crucial parts in cultivating scholarly trades, supporting abstract works, and safeguarding social customs, adding to the scholarly imperativeness of Bengali society. Besides, Hindu women were instrumental in advancing strict and profound practices that encouraged local area attachment and social congruity. women from different strict foundations, including Vaishnavism, Shakta custom, and Sufism, filled in as profound pioneers, educators, and tutors, directing enthusiasts on ways of commitment, ethical quality, and administration.

BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT AND IT MANAGEMENT

2025-02-27

The importance of business processes and the centrality of IT to contemporary organizations’ performance calls for a specific focus on business process management and IT management. Despite the wide scope of business process management covering both business and IT domains, and the profound impact of IT on process innovations, the association between business process management and IT management is under-explored. Drawing on a literature analysis of the capabilities of business process and IT governance frameworks and findings from a case study, we propose the need for horizontal integration between the two management functions to enable strategic and operational business–IT alignment. We further argue that the role of IT in an organization influences the direction of integration between the two functions and thus the choice of integration mechanisms. Using case study findings, we propose that IT as a business enabler respectively calls for sequential and reciprocal integrations at strategic and operational planning levels. Drawing on logical reasoning, we suggest that IT as a strategic driver necessitates reciprocal integration at both levels.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PLASTIC IN THE AGRICULTURE FIELD IN PASCHIM MEDINIPUR DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

1. Krishna Roy , 2. Dr. G.L. Sharma — 2025-03-03

The study is based on providing a detailed understanding of the uses of plastic bags and their impact on the environment and agriculture of Paschim Medinipur. The study has provided a detailed understanding and overview of the topic that includes an understanding of the emerging issues associated with the use of plastic bags. It also highlights the significance of conducting this research to the specific region of Paschim Medinipur. The study is also helpful in providing the overall research objectives and aims along with the research questions. The research hypotheses are also effectively represented in the introduction chapter aligning with the problem statement and research rationale. The study further describes the structure that has been followed throughout the research. The use of plastic is increasing day by day and it is effective on human health, animals and agriculture. This evaluation urges to gain insight into different types of plastic used in agricultural fields and their impact. Other than that, this research is effective in bringing forth the short and long term effect of using plastic in agricultural land. Therefore, the main purpose of this chapter of the thesis is to demonstrate the effect of using plastic in agricultural land. Other than that, the research is also significant in bridging forth the health risk of using plastic. The study is based on providing a detailed understanding of the uses of plastic bags and their impact on the environment and agriculture of Paschim Medinipur. The study has provided a detailed understanding and overview of the topic that includes an understanding of the emerging issues associated with the use of plastic bags. It also highlights the significance of conducting this research to the specific region of Paschim Medinipur. The study is also helpful in providing the overall research objectives and aims along with the research questions.

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION POLICIES AND TRIBAL GOVERNANCE: A CASE STUDY OF NORTHEAST INDIA.

1. Himan Jyoti Bora , 2 . Dr. Riju Sarma , 3. Dr. Subhrangshu Dhar — 2025-03-03

The article examines the intersection of inclusive education policies and tribal governance in the context of Northeast India, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities in promoting educational equity for indigenous communities. Despite numerous national frameworks like the RTE Act, tribal communities in the region face persistent educational inequalities driven by socio-economic, cultural, and geographical barriers. The role of tribal governance, customary laws, and the interaction between state policies and tribal authorities is explored to understand how local governance structures influence education. Government initiatives and the contributions of NGOs are analyzed, highlighting their impact on improving access to education for tribal children. The study identifies key challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, language barriers, and limited local participation in policymaking. Opportunities for strengthening the role of tribal governance in education policy implementation and promoting culturally responsive education models are discussed. The article concludes with policy recommendations aimed at enhancing inclusive education for tribal communities through better integration of tribal governance, local participation, and sustainable education models that respect cultural diversity.

A STUDY ON ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION OF INDIA DURING FIRST WORLD WAR

1. Tuhin Poria , 2. Dr. Uma Dubey — 2025-03-05

The war is effective in disrupting the social and economic standard of the nation. Therefore, the main purpose of this chapter of the thesis is to reflect the economic policies of British India. Apart from that, this is significant in reflecting the effect of the war in bringing changes in the economic policies. Hence, this chapter is to demonstrate the role played by the governor for managing several situations in India during the war time.

British policies caused deep and significant changes in the structure and the development of the Indian economy. India was an industrialized nation before the advent of the British Empire and boasted of textile mills, handicraft industries and agricultural produce (Rai, 2022). The application of British economic policies brought about dramatic changes in the Indian economy. It mostly lays a negative impact on the indigenous factories for the benefit of Britain. Deindustrialization of the country is the result of British imperialism. Other than that, the British policies in the textile sector entailed free trade in British machine made goods and high import duties on Indian goods (Frederick and van Nederveen Meerkerk, 2023).

TOURISM INDUSTRY INCREASES ECONOMICAL STATUS OF THE PEOPLE AT CHANDANNAGAR, HOOGLY DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

1. Saunava Manna , 2. Dr. G.L. Sharma — 2025-03-05

The study has focused on providing information regarding the development of the tourism industry while considering the geographical perspective of the area. The key prominent area that is being evaluated through this study involves the Chandannagar subdivision, Hooghly West Bengal. This chapter of the research is focused on providing a detailed introduction related to the different discussions that would be made throughout the research to justify the given aspect positively. It would outline the geographical perspective associated with the Chandannagar subdivision Hooghly. The tourism industry is a vastly growing essential component in the economic development of areas and regional growth. apart from that the consideration of geographical factors, safe effective destinations and various experiences regarding the tourism development area. In the context of Chandannagar, it involves history related to the cultural and natural attractions which attracts both domestic and international travelers. Chandannagar is located at the banks of the Hooghly river which is observed as a strategic location. Moreover, this report is focused on outlining the different concepts associated with development of the tourism industry while considering the geographical presence of the area.

Michel Foucault on Power and Schooling: A Sociological Analysis

Ms. Shubhika Kapoor — 2025-03-06

This research paper will shed light upon Michel Foucault views on power and schooling. It will start with unfolding the meaning and importance of post-modernist perspective and how it redefines the traditional notion of power. It will further elaborate upon disciplinary notion of power as articulated by Foucault. Subsequently, it will elaborate upon how the schools can be seen as ‘disciplinary institutions’ via ‘disciplinary power’. Finally, the paper will discuss several disciplinary techniques used by the institution of schooling in order to practice disciplinary power over students to promote ‘normalcy’.

A STUDY ON INCOME AND STANDARD-LIVING OF THE PEOPLE IN HALDIA, WEST BENGAL DUE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION

1. Dinabandhu Maity , 2. Dr. G.L. Sharma — 2025-03-06

This Study of the research aims in bringing forth reliable data about the effect of industrialization on the economic development of the place. It is also significant in bringing reliable data about the factors that influence the economy of Haldia and its impact on the GDP. Industrialization of Haldia has a drastic impact on the employment generation and has subsequently affected the Labouré market of the region. This shift in the nature of work has revolutionized the economy of this port city in West Bengal, India by offering new types of jobs and restructuring the work-related experiences of the people living in the area. Employment generation has been identified as one of the key factors that have propelled growth in Haldia, with the setting up of large industrial units, especially in the context of the petroleum refinery and chemical division and more so with the development of port infrastructure (Kumar et al. 2020). These large-scale industries have generated several direct employment opportunities, covering all categories of employees, ranging from the technical specialists to the semi-skilled and unskilled workers.

A STUDY ON PART AND POWER OF DATA MINING IN BUSINESS ANALYTICS

Mrs. K. Vidhya — 2025-03-06

In today's modern environment, businesses face numerous opportunities and challenges in order to satisfy their customers. Business analytics is important because it utilizes various technologies such as data management, data mining, and other techniques to help businesses better understand their customers. This research focused on learning about various data mining tools and technologies, as well as analyzing the challenges, and effects of data mining on business analytics. The necessary data is gathered by secondary data and the study makes recommendations on how to use data mining.

THE ROLE OF BUSINESS ANALYTICS IN STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING

2025-03-07

Data analytics plays a pivotal role in modern business decision-making by enabling organizations to convert raw data into valuable insights. Through techniques such as data mining, predictive analytics, and machine learning, businesses can identify patterns, forecast trends, and make evidence-based decisions. This research explores the impact of data analytics on enhancing operational efficiency, improving customer engagement, and gaining competitive advantages. The study also highlights the importance of data-driven strategies in reducing risks and optimizing resources .Ultimately ,it under score show data analytics empowers businesses to make informed decisions in an increasingly data-centric environment.

A STUDY ON THE CONTEMPORARY TONES IN THE FOLK TRADITION OF NORTHERN REGION

1. Pritam Patra , 2. Dr. Lakshmi — 2025-03-08

Music has always been a significant aspect of one’s life that acts as a vital force of entertainment. With the progression of time, it has been seen that musical traditions have witnessed a significant alteration due to the influences that the genre has derived from the various cultural traditions of the people who have inhabited the landscape of West Bengal. This study has explored the folk tradition of the North region of West Bengal, which is inhabited by diverse communities, belonging to the mountains. In the context of folk songs, it is believed that this is the musical representation of the collective voice of people. The folk tradition is not a mere medium through which the masses can be entertained, but it is also a powerful tool that reflects the various socio-political and economic alterations that have taken place in the society, over the past centuries. India is a land that has been inhabited by diverse ethno-cultural communities that have significantly contributed to the formation of this distinctive genre.The concept of fusion songs is not an old phenomenon. Even though classical or folk songs have a significant place in the field of music, however, the blend of the two has leapt in modern times. Due to the rise of technology in modern times, fusion songs have taken a significant place at the core of the listeners. Relating to this, a book authored by Ahmed (2015), has deplored the fact that at present with the evolution of various forms of technology, the voices of the unheard us heard with music more interest. This interest was lacking a few times back. Thus, it can be stated that in the world of modernization and globalization, the adaptability and the collaborative nature of fusion artists have given a platform to the folk communities. In this one of the most popular folk fusions is “LalpahariDeshe.”

RELEVANCY OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DURING FINANCIAL

1. Dr. Karan Singh Gaur, 2. Garima Yadav, 3. Janvi Sharma — 2025-03-13

Corporate governance is a fundamental part of governance in the corporate world. There are cluster of principles that can be applied to any organization's governance. This article offers a review of the condition of governance in corporate and delves, into the significant factors that have played a role in the ongoing financial crisis. Corporate governance is a process encompassing aspects with particular importance placed on its role, in the United States. The Anglo-American Model is being premised to increase the value of shareholders. This model is developed with free market economy and assumption of separating ownership and control is held in the corporation. It sensitizes corporate leaders for the importance of good Corporate Governance. Its importance as technology has changed organization in a dynamic manner and created new business opportunities. Companies are increasingly interested in companies that prioritize environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, and shareholder engagement has evolved into an important instrument for ESG engagement. Good corporate governance plays a role, in fostering the growth of capital markets in underdeveloped countries. It has been observed that a weak corporate governance structure not hampers performance but also exposes the entire financial system to vulnerabilities. In India, corporate governance is an evolving process, as it is around the world. The literature on corporate governance continues to produce a plethora of factors with complex, poorly understood interrelationships. The Indian corporate governance system will be able to evolve in a more organized manner with the notification of literature on “Governance in Companies” built on multiple models; the research of global trends in relation to this system; and the structuring of the system based upon the observations made.

COVID-19: A WAKE-UP CALL TO BUILD COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

1. Neeti Kaushal , 2. Dr. Meetu Khosla — 2025-03-13

Community resilience refers to the collective ability of a neighbourhood or geographically defined area to deal with stressors and efficiently resume the rhythms of daily life through cooperation following shocks (Aldrich & Meyer 2015). Community resilience is prevalent in India since a long time and is manifested through its close-knit communities and social support systems despite a lack of awareness about it. The study was designed to examine the role of community resilience in psychological well-being of college students. The total sample consisted of 101 participants (ranging from 18-22 years) studying in either private or public educational institutions. Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART; Terrorism and Disaster Centre) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB; Ryff & Keyes, 1995) were used . In addition to this, the same set of participants were re-administered the google form with an additional COVID-19 questionnaire to study the prevalence and factors promoting community resilience and psychological well-being during the pandemic. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics (mean & standard deviation) and t test (independent & dependent). The findings indicated significant differences between the two groups (high vs. low community resilience) on psychological well-being where participants belonging to the high CR group reported better psychological well-being in comparison to those falling in the low CR category. The study also found significant differences in psychological well-being before and after the onset of pandemic but no significant differences were observed in community resilience of college students.

THE DREAMLIKE VISION IN COLERIDGE’S KUBLA KHAN: A STUDY OF IMAGINATION AND REALITY

Jyotirmay Roy — 2025-03-17

As one of the most mysterious and haunting poems in English literature, Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge blurs the barriers between imagination and reality. It is widely considered to be one of the most perplexing poems ever written. The poem, which was written under the influence of an opium-induced dream, depicts a colourful and surreal environment that weaves together aspects of natural beauty, elements of the supernatural, and the force of artistic creativity. Using a variety of techniques, including rich imagery, melody, and symbolic contrasts, this research investigates how Coleridge creates a dreamy setting in his writing. The study illustrates how Kubla Khan exemplifies the Romantic ideal of poetic inspiration while simultaneously revealing the limits of human vision. This is accomplished by exploring the interaction between the actual and the imagined. The research also takes into consideration how the fragmented structure of the poem is a reflection of the elusive nature of creative vision, implying that genuine artistic transcendence is still just beyond the reach of the human mind. As a result of this, the research places Kubla Khan into the context of the larger Romantic discourse on the power and limitations of imagination.

NEED OF LIFE SKILL EDUCATION FOR TRIBAL ADOLESCENT STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Dr. Sunita Acharya — 2025-03-18

Adolescent, is a period of stress and strain, it marks the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. It can be summarised by rapid changes in not only physical but also psychological. The objectives of the study were (i) to assess life skill awareness of adolescents in Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences, (ii) to assess life skill awareness of adolescents’ students of Balasore district of Odisha and (iii) to compare life skill awareness of adolescent students between Kalinga Institute of Social Science and Balasore District of Odisha. Hypothesis of the study were sex has significant difference in life skill awareness of adolescent students of KISS. (ii) Sex has significant difference in life skill awareness of adolescent students of Balasore district of Odisha. (iii) There exist significant differences in life skill awareness of adolescent students of KISS and Balasore district of Odisha. The sample of the present study covers secondary level children of Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences of Bhubaneswar and secondary level students Balasore district of Odisha. Data was collected from 400 students of secondary level (200 students from Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences, Bhubaneswar and 200 students from Baleswar district of Odisha. Data was collected by using descriptive survey method. For analysis of study Mean, SD, ANOVA and T-test were used. The findings of the study may help the pupils to work harmoniously and confidently. Good working relationship is affecter for performance in all spheres of life.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TREND ANALYSIS OF NON-PERFORMING ASSETS AT SBI AND ICICI BANK IN INIDA

Dr. Mohan Megavath — 2025-03-19

Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) have emerged as a critical concern for the banking sector in India, affecting both public and private sector banks. This study presents a comparative analysis of NPAs at State Bank of India (SBI), the largest public sector bank, and ICICI Bank, one of India's leading private sector banks. The paper aims to explore and analyze the trends in NPAs for both banks over the past decade, examining key metrics such as gross NPA ratios, net NPA ratios, provision coverage ratios, and recovery rates. It delves into the underlying factors contributing to NPAs, including sectoral exposure, economic conditions, and risk management strategies. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks, such as the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) and RBI guidelines, in managing NPAs. The findings reveal that while both banks have faced challenges with NPAs, SBI, due to its larger exposure to riskier sectors, has witnessed higher NPA levels compared to ICICI Bank. However, SBI’s improved provision coverage ratio and focus on recovery mechanisms indicate a concerted effort to manage its asset quality. In contrast, ICICI Bank's diversification into retail lending and use of advanced risk management techniques have helped in maintaining relatively lower NPA levels. This comparative analysis provides valuable insights into how both banks manage their asset quality and highlights the broader implications for the Indian banking system. The study concludes with recommendations for both banks to further enhance their NPA management strategies and improve the financial stability of the Indian banking sector.

A STUDY ON FOOD SAFETY KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF STREET FOOD VENDORS

Dr. (Mrs.) Latesh Dr. Latesh — 2025-03-19

The present study was undertaken to highlight the hygiene practices and food safety knowledge among street food vendors in the selected areas of Panchkula city. Sixty random samples of street food vendors were selected. Data was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire and observation checklists. Results depicted that none of the vendors had undergone any formal training or apprenticeship on food preparation. Regarding water used by vendors while preparing food 80 % of vendors used municipality water and only 20 percent tube well rest of vendors used water supply from the local authorities. Ninety two vendors cover their prepared food. Only 72.5% clean the food preparation and distribution area. Data reveals that 12.5% vendors had poor knowledge of food safety 47.5% have average knowledge and only 40% have good knowledge. Knowledge plays a vital role in food hygiene. Coughing, sneezing and touching of hair during handling of food were also not uncommon. Vendors stored the left over foods in cupboards, polythene bags and open areas for sale the next day. Hence, a continuous monitoring in each activity from pre-preparation to cleaning is required in the street food centers.