Journal of the Oriental Institute, ISSN:0030-5324 UGC CARE Group 1

EFFECT OF HUNGER INDEX ON EDUCATION PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL GIRL STUDENTS IN MEERUT DISTRICT

Mr. Apar Sharma and Dr (Prof.) Santosh Sharma — 2025-02-01

The study investigates how the Hunger Index affects the academic achievement of female secondary school pupils in the Meerut district. A major obstacle to learning and academic success is hunger, which is defined by inadequate nutrition and its related impacts. With an emphasis on comprehending how conditions like undernourishment, stunting, and wasting affect cognitive ability and general educational performance, this study examines the relationship between nutritional inadequacies and the academic outcomes of female students in secondary schools. Primary data was gathered through surveys and interviews using a mixed-method approach, while secondary data was added from pertinent studies and reports. The results show differences in academic performance according to nutritional status, with girls from homes with severe or concerning hunger index problems performing worse academically than their classmates. The study highlights the significance of tackling hunger as a crucial factor influencing academic achievement and offers guidance to educators and politicians on how to create focused interventions. It promotes integrated strategies to improve the learning results of female students and encourage fair education in the area, such as better nutrition programs and encouraging learning settings.

The influence of adjustment on academic achievement of adolescent students

Seema Juneja and Dr. Suman Bala — 2025-02-01

This study presents a comprehensive review of the influence of adjustment on the academic achievement of adolescent students. Adjustment encompasses various aspects, including emotional regulation, social interactions, family support, school environments, and technology use. These factors play a critical role in shaping adolescents' academic outcomes. The review explores how well-adjusted adolescents, who effectively manage their emotions, maintain supportive relationships, and engage in positive school climates, are more likely to succeed academically. The systematic review examines peer-reviewed articles, books, and scholarly works published up to 2024, focusing on the relationship between adjustment and academic performance among adolescents in India and abroad. The selected literature is critically evaluated based on its objectives, methodology, and findings to identify patterns and trends in the influence of adjustment on academic achievement. By synthesizing the findings from these studies, the paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of the impact of adjustment on the academic success of adolescent students. The review's findings highlight the importance of creating supportive environments that foster emotional, social, and academic adjustment in adolescents. Schools should invest in counseling services, extracurricular activities, and quality teaching to promote a positive climate for students. Parents' active involvement and balanced use of technology are also essential for adolescents' success. By addressing these factors, stakeholders can help adolescents reach their full academic potential.

Regional variations within India: Patterns and Determinants

Ms. Samiksha Kapoor — 2025-02-01

India got its independence from the British rule in 1947, and since then it has gone through major economic and political changes. From independence up till 1980, India’s average annual growth rate stood at 3.5 per cent per annum which increased remarkably in the following decades. Between 1980 and 2000, India registered a growth rate of 5.6 per cent per annum. While GDP growth has increased, there has also been a growth in divergence among states in terms of individual growth and development. This paper attempts to study the empirical data for growth and development across states and intuitively understand the reasons and the extent of the regional disparities in India.

Optimization Accuracy of Blackhole Attacks in RPL Network using Machine Learning Technique

Himanshu Gaurav,Dr. Navneet Kaur — 2025-02-01

Abstract: - Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is widely adopted for Internet of Things (IoT) applications due to its energy efficiency and scalability. However, RPL is vulnerable to various security threats, particularly blackhole attacks, where a malicious node drops all the packets it receives, leading to significant performance degradation. This research focuses on optimizing the detection and mitigation of blackhole attacks in RPL networks using machine learning techniques.

The study leverages supervised machine learning algorithms to classify and identify malicious nodes based on network traffic patterns, packet loss rates, and routing metrics. Feature selection methods are employed to enhance model performance by identifying the most relevant parameters influencing blackhole detection. Comprehensive experiments are conducted using a simulated RPL network environment to evaluate the proposed approach in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.

THE CONCEPT AND FORMS OF EXPLOITATION IN THE NOVELS OF MULK RAJ ANAND AND ANNA BHAU SATHE

Dr. Ambadas Dadasaheb Sakat — 2025-02-01

Mulk Raj Anand and Anna Bhau Sathe are the prominent writers of Modern Indian Literature in English and Marathi. The present paper deals with different forms of exploitation in the novels of Mulk Raj Anand and Anna Bhau Sathe with special reference to novels such as Coolie, Fakira, Untouchable, Chandan etc. Both the writers are mainly concern with the theme of exploitation. They attack on the tyranny and exploitation of working-class people in Punjab and Maharashtra. The capitalists are socially, economically and culturally sound. Such capitalists make exploitation of innocent people of the downtrodden community. In Mulik Raj Anand’s Untouchable, upper class people don’t allow the lower class people to finch water on the common well. Moreover, they are not allowed to enter into the temple. Such poor people of the lower class communities were supposed to do works of cleaning latrines in the villages. They look after the pet animals of the rich people. Young boys from the downtrodden communities work as a sweeper boy, a shoe polish boy, a chimney sweeper in big cities. They had no proper place at all in the aristocratic society. Anand and Annabhau emphasized democratic views of Karl Marx, Mahatma Gandhi, and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar etc.

An observation on food preference of Indian palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum in a residential premises at Bikaner, Rajasthan

Meera Srivastava — 2025-02-01

The Indian palm squirrel or three-striped palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae found naturally in India and Sri Lanka. The squirrel is about the size of a large chipmunk, with a bushy tail slightly shorter than its body. The back is a grizzled, grey-brown colour with three conspicuous white stripes which run from head to tail. The two outer stripes run from the forelegs to the hind legs only. It has a creamy-white belly and a tail covered with interspersed, long, black and white hair. The ears are small and triangular.

An Evaluation of the Historical Backdrop to the Role of Technology in Human Life

Sagar Kamath, Dr. Rajesh Babu — 2025-02-01

This study evaluates the historical evolution of technology and its profound role in shaping human life. Beginning with early tools and fire in prehistoric times, technology has continuously transformed societies, from the agricultural innovations of the Neolithic era to the engineering feats of ancient civilizations. The Industrial Revolution marked a turning point, introducing mechanization and mass production, while the 20th century saw accelerated advancements in communication, transportation, and electrification. The digital and information age brought unprecedented connectivity through the internet, social media, and mobile technology, revolutionizing daily life but also presenting challenges such as digital dependency and environmental concerns. This evaluation highlights the dual impact of technology—enhancing human potential while raising ethical, societal, and sustainability issues. As humanity faces the future, balancing innovation with responsibility will be key to ensuring technology serves as a force for progress and equity.

Voices of Identity and Resilience: Exploring Jesmyn Ward’s Selected Narrative Landscapes

Dr. Ritu Kumar and Saloni — 2025-02-01

This research paper discovers the theme of Identity resilience in the literary works of Jasmyn Ward. Jesmyn Ward is an American novelist and professor of English at Tulane University. In Ward’s literary landscape, most themes belong to the race class and marginalization. Her works resonate with postcolonial theory which incorporates the lingering effects of colonial power structure cultural and identity construction in the postcolonial world. Using the lens of Postcolonial Ward’s characters resonate with the theme of identity, many of her characters navigate the social-political legacy of enslavement. Her narratives echo the central tenets of postcolonialism, resistance to domination, reclamation of identity, and search for agency in the operative systems. This research paper examines how word stories intertwine the realities of African American experience with broader post-colonial Frameworks. Authors such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Salman Rushdie, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Jesmyn Ward, explore similar themes of Identity within post-colonial contexts. By Linking word narrative with essential postcolonial theorists such as Frantz Fanon and Homi Ke Bhabha, this study unravels how her narrative works as a platform for recovering Marginalised voice and negotiating cultural identity.

योग और प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा द्वारा मानसिक और शारीरिक तनाव का प्रबंधनरू स्वस्थ और सुखी जीवन की ओर एक पहल

सुभाष चैहान and डॉ. मनोज कुमार शर्मा — 2025-02-01

आधुनिक जीवन में तनाव एक व्यापक मुद्दा है, जो मानसिक और शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य को महत्वपूर्ण रूप से प्रभावित करता है। यह अध्ययन 25-50 वर्ष की आयु के 20 प्रतिभागियों को शामिल करते हुए 8-सप्ताह के हस्तक्षेप के माध्यम से तनाव के प्रबंधन में योग और प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा की प्रभावशीलता का मूल्यांकन करता है। हस्तक्षेप ने योग अभ्यास जैसे आसन, प्राणायाम और ध्यान को हाइड्रोथेरेपी, आहार चिकित्सा और हर्बल उपचार सहित प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा उपचारों के साथ जोड़ा। परिणामों ने कथित तनाव के स्तर में 44þ की कमी, रक्तचाप में 14þ सुधार, हृदय गति परिवर्तनशीलता में 42þ की वृद्धि और मांसपेशियों के तनाव में 47þ की कमी दिखाई। प्रतिभागियों ने कार्यक्रम के साथ उच्च संतुष्टि की सूचना दी, इसकी व्यवहार्यता और प्रभावकारिता पर प्रकाश डाला। यह अध्ययन निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि योग और प्राकृतिक चिकित्सा तनाव प्रबंधन के लिए एक समग्र, सुलभ और टिकाऊ दृष्टिकोण प्रदान करते हैं।

आत्मनिर्भरता: भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा

डॉ. स्वाति वसंतराव शेलार — 2025-02-02

आत्मनिर्भरता एक ऐसी स्थिति या गुण है जिसमें व्यक्ति, समाज, या राष्ट्र अपनी आवश्यकताओं को स्वयं पूरा करने में सक्षम होता है। इसका मतलब है कि बाहरी सहायता, संसाधनों, या निर्भरता के बिना आत्मनिर्भर बनकर समस्याओं का समाधान करना और आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करना। यह मानसिक, आर्थिक, सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक दृष्टिकोण से महत्वपूर्ण है।

भारत की प्राचीन, समृद्ध और बहुस्तरीय बौद्धिक परंपरा को संदर्भित करती है। यह परंपरा वैदिक, शास्त्रीय और लोक ज्ञान से लेकर आधुनिक विज्ञान, कला, दर्शन, और साहित्य तक फैली हुई है। इसमें ज्ञान को केवल सांसारिक समझ के रूप में नहीं, बल्कि आध्यात्मिक उन्नति और सत्य की खोज के रूप में देखा गया है।

वेद भारत के प्राचीनतम ग्रंथ हैं, जिन्हें 'अपौरुषेय' और 'अनादि' माना जाता है। उपनिषद ज्ञान के गूढ़ और दार्शनिक पक्षों पर केंद्रित हैं, जो आत्मा, ब्रह्म और मोक्ष के गहरे विचार प्रस्तुत करते हैं। भारतीय दर्शन छह प्रमुख आस्तिक दर्शनों (न्याय, वैशेषिक, सांख्य, योग, मीमांसा, वेदांत) और चार नास्तिक दर्शनों (बौद्ध, जैन, चार्वाक, आजीविक) में विभाजित है। इन विचारधाराओं ने तर्क, चेतना, ब्रह्मांड, नैतिकता और मुक्ति पर गहन चर्चा की है। आर्यभट्ट, भास्कराचार्य, ब्रह्मगुप्त जैसे गणितज्ञों ने अंकगणित, त्रिकोणमिति और खगोलशास्त्र में अग्रणी योगदान दिया। आयुर्वेद (चरक संहिता, सुश्रुत संहिता) प्राचीन चिकित्सा विज्ञान का प्रमुख स्रोत है।

"Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Moringa oleifera”

AKHILESH DWIVEDI and DR. GULZAR AHMED — 2025-02-05

Moringa oleifera, a tropical plant native to the Indian subcontinent, has been used for centuries in traditional
medicine and as a nutritional supplement. The plant is rich in phytochemicals, including flavonoids,
alkaloids, and phenolic acids, which have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and
antimicrobial activities. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the phytochemical
composition and biological activity of Moringa oleifera. The literature suggests that Moringa extracts exhibit
significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and may have potential applications in the prevention
and treatment of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Furthermore, the
plant's phytochemicals have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity, suggesting potential applications
in the development of new antimicrobial agents. Overall, this review highlights the nutraceutical and
pharmacological potential of Moringa oleifera, and suggests that further research is warranted to fully explore
its therapeutic applications.

DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING METHOD THROUGH PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM USING DCT

Anu Jayalwal — 2025-02-07

Now a days there is increase in data exchange over digital media. As a result of that one multimedia data like audio, video, images transfer increases day by day. Watermarking is very famous now days due to security concern. There are many applications of watermarking with the help of which security can be increased in data. There are many areas where watermarking can be used such as copyright protection, fingerprint authentication, copy control etc. With the help of algorithms robustness and imperceptibility can be improved.

मुस्लिम महिलाओं के बीच डिजिटल तकनीकी का प्रयोग- फिरोजाबाद नगर का एक अध्ययन

शवनम — 2025-02-07

इक्कीसवीं सदी के युग में विज्ञान एवं तकनीकी का प्रचुर मात्रा में विकास हुआ है। देश के विकास के लिए और यह समाज के प्रत्येक सदस्य के सर्वांगीण विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण आयाम है। वर्तमान समय में कम्प्यूटर, लैपटाॅप, टैबलेट, आइपैड, स्मार्टफोन आदि के प्रयोग में वृद्धि देखी जा रही है। इन डिजिटल तकनीकी उपकरणों के माध्यम से कार्यों को बहुत सुगम और कम समय में किया जा रहा है। डिजिटल तकनीकी का प्रयोग वर्तमान तकनीकी युग व वैश्विक परिप्रेक्ष्य में अपरिहार्य व महत्वपूर्ण है क्योंकि डिजिटल तकनीकी प्रयोग के माध्यम से विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में रोजगार, सूचना, सृजन व कम समय में अधिक ज्ञान अर्जित कर सकता है। उक्त सन्दर्भ को ध्यान में रखते हुए प्रस्तुत अध्ययन ‘मुस्लिम महिलाओं के बीच डिजिटल तकनीकी का प्रयोग- फिरोजाबाद नगर का एक अध्ययन’ का चुनाव किया गया है। इस अध्ययन में सिम्पल रैण्डम सैम्पलिंग तकनीक के द्वारा कुल निदर्शन आकार में 100 उत्तरदाताओं को चयनित किया गया है। यह अध्ययन प्राथमिक व द्वितीयक डेटा पर आधारित है। इस अध्ययन का उद्देश्य फिरोजाबाद नगर की मुस्लिम महिलाओं में डिजिटल साक्षरता, डिजिटल तकनीकी प्रयोग, डिजिटल तकनीकी प्रयोग के उद्देश्य एवं मुस्लिम परिवारों में डिजिटल तकनीकी उपकरणों की उपलब्धता एवं डिजिटल भुगतान के प्रयोग में सहभागिता के विषय में जानकारी एकत्रित करना है।

INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL ADVERTISEMENTS ON CHANGING CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOR IN CHENNAI CITY

Dr. K. GANDHI — 2025-02-08

Digital advertisements have become popular in recent decades, in particular, digital advertisements in popular social media, such as YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, etc. are popular. Advertisements on financial products are most frequent on social media. YouTube is one of the popular social media popularly and frequently used by people. The present study has concentrated on the aspects of financial products telecasted on YouTube in Chennai city. For this purpose, the researcher considered only financial products such as insurance and banking products in the study area. The researchers collected primary data from 524 respondents in the study area, for this purpose a well-structured questionnaire was used. Five-point scaling technique was adopted to collect data from the respondents, Simple percentage, ANOVA and correlation analysis were used as statistical tools to analyse the primary data. The study found that digital advertisements on YouTube on financial products created interest among viewers. It also created awareness among viewers to a larger extent. But digital advertisements in YouTube had impulse on customers toward financial products to some extent and many of the viewers opined that they took sufficient time to make purchase decisions to purchase the financial products that were advertised through YouTube. Making the contents of digital advertisements of financial products more informative and more interesting will attract many other viewers in the future.

FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMER PREFERENCES FOR ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS IN CHENNAI CITY – A STUDY

Dr. K. GANDHI — 2025-02-08

The increase in population in India prompted the government to implement the Green Revolution. This initiative involved the extensive use of chemical fertilizers to enhance the productivity of agricultural goods. However, this approach significantly compromised the quality of these products and began to have detrimental effects on human health. In recent decades, there has been a growing awareness among consumers regarding the benefits of organic food, leading to an increase in its consumption. A study was conducted to examine the significant factors influencing customers' intentions to purchase organic food products in Chennai. Among the six key factors analyzed, health consciousness and environmental concerns emerged as the most influential on the intention to buy organic food in the region. Additionally, personal and financial factors also played a role in shaping purchase intentions, although their impact was not as pronounced as that of health and environmental considerations. Conversely, knowledge and product-related factors did not demonstrate a significant effect on the intention to purchase organic food products in Chennai.

JHUM CULTIVATION IN MANIPUR: A CASE STUDY

Laimayum Ashutosh Sharma — 2025-02-09

Manipur is one of the important states in the north-eastern part of India with an area of 8621 square miles. About 90% of total area is hill areas and the remaining 10 % valley. Settled agriculture is practised in the valley. Because of the uneven terrain of the hill districts, settled agriculture is impossible. Thus, communities in the said districts have to rely on jhum cultivation for their livelihood. However, this method of cultivation has its own challenges which pose as a hindrance to agricultural production and development. The current article seeks to investigate and examine the present scenario of jhum cultivation in the districts of Chandel, Churachandpur, Senapati, Tamenglong and Ukhrul. The article delves into the status of cultivation, natural as well as man-made challenges face by jhum cultivation. The paper also describes impacts of jhum cultivation on the environment of the said districts and Manipur as a whole. Moreover, it also suggests ways to minimise the impact of jhum cultivation on our environment so that the cultivation method itself as well as resources can be sustainably adopted and utilised.

Mobile phone use among Manipuri youth during Covid-19 lockdown

Dr. Achom Roshan Kumar — 2025-02-09

The imposition of Covid-19 lockdown for months during the first half of 2020 brought about manifold increase in the use of mobile/smartphone among youths in Manipur. The complete lockdown for a long period of time brought about certain new ways of using mobile phone. This period saw the advent of online class in schools, colleges and educational institutions throughout the state. The sudden increase of mobile phone use for various purposes from communicating with one’s friends and relatives to online purchases, social networking, mobile gaming, online business etc is simply unprecedented. The present paper aims to unfold the various ways in which mobile/ smartphone is used by youths during Covid-19 lockdown. Incremental use of smartphone in the number of hours, mobile gaming, social media, virtual class and online shopping has been found in this study. The youths who are at the forefront of this digital communication revolution should be provided careful and proper guidance so that they may not get lost in the midst of this ever-evolving digital jungle.

PETROCAPITALISM AND ITS EFFECTS: AN ECO CRITICAL STUDY OF AMITAV GHOSH’S

1. N. Karpagavalli , 2. Dr. N. Kavidha — 2025-02-10

THE CIRCLE OF REASON

Amitav Ghosh’s. The Circle of Reason focuses on themes like migration, displacement, storytelling, war, sanitation, ecology and purity. A close reading of this novel reveals a number of ecological issues that is existing in the last few decades causing environmental disasters. Journey as a motif, connects the three parts of the novel. The novel symbolically deals with the three stages of human life- Satwa – which means search for wisdom, Rajas – life of passion and Tamas – darkness and destruction. Birds are true representations of the ecology of a place. The novel delves into how birds are deprived of their natural lifecycle and remain disrupted. Petrocapitalism serves as a very powerful motif to show the depletion of fuel, leading to the displaced refugees and exploited biosphere. This paper attempts to make an eco-critical reading of the novel, The Circle of Reason.

EXPLORING AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN TEACHER WORK ENGAGEMENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE VALLEY REGION OF MANIPUR

2025-02-11

This study examines the levels of work engagement among teachers in the Valley Region of Manipur, focusing on differences by age and gender. A sample of 855 teachers from schools, colleges, and universities participated in a survey assessing engagement through the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Results revealed significant age-related differences, with older teachers reporting higher levels of vigour, dedication, and absorption compared to younger teachers. Gender differences were minimal, although male teachers scored significantly higher in vigour. These findings suggest that while both age and gender influence aspects of teacher engagement, targeted interventions may be necessary to support younger teachers and ensure sustained engagement across the workforce. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how demographic factors impact teacher engagement, providing a basis for strategies aimed at enhancing educational effectiveness.

Witness Protection Regime in the Indian Criminal Justice System: Addressing Gaps and Proposing Reforms

Dr. Anand Kumar Vishwakarma and Ankita shukla — 2025-02-12

The criminal justice system serves as the cornerstone of any society governed by the rule of law. In India, the system’s efficacy is measured by its ability to ensure justice, maintain law and order, and protect the fundamental rights of its citizens. Witnesses, often referred to as the “sentinels of justice,” play an indispensable role in this framework. Their testimonies can make or break a case, acting as the bridge between crime and conviction. The criminal justice system in India, while undergoing significant reforms, faces challenges in ensuring the safety and protection of witnesses. However, witnesses often face significant risks, including threats, harassment, and physical harm, which undermine their ability to testify freely and truthfully. The need for a robust witness protection mechanism is thus essential to safeguard their interests and uphold the integrity of the justice system. Due to intimidation, threats, and even violence, faced by witnesses, leading to a reluctance to come forward and testify. This not only undermines the prosecution's case but also perpetuates a culture of impunity for criminals. To address this issue, the Indian government has implemented various measures, including the Witness Protection Scheme, 2018, which provides protection to witnesses in specific categories of crimes. However, the effectiveness of this scheme has been questioned due to limited resources, lack of awareness, and inadequate implementation.

SINGLE-TIER CHEMICAL CONCEPT INVENTORY (STCCI) TO IDENTIFY THE MISCONCEPTIONS OF TWELFTH-GRADE STUDENTS

1. Anirban Ghosh , 2. Dr. Chandan Adhikary — 2025-02-13

The study aimed to develop a Single-Tier Chemical Concept Inventory (STCCI) to identify the misconceptions in hydrogen bond among twelfth-grade students of East Bardhaman district, West Bengal, India. Initially, an inventory consisting of fifteen multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the topic of hydrogen bond was developed. The validation process followed pilot testing with twenty-eight randomly selected students. Based on the CVR (Content Validity Ratio) values ten items were declared valid. After analysing ten items, the Cronbach’s alpha value was found to be 0.832, while the average item difficulty and the discrimination values were 0.5184 and 0.7625, respectively. Then, the standardized inventory was implemented to seventy-two twelfth-grade students having chemistry as a major for determining their misconceptions with the help of item distractors. Independent sample t-test was applied using Jamovi software to compare students’ misconceptions based on gender and locale. The results revealed that female-rural students showed the highest level of misconceptions.

SIR LAND: VIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS OF SELECT COMMITTEE AND LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL RELATED TO AGRA TENANCY ACT 1926

Dr. Anshu Chaudhary — 2025-02-15

In the history of land revenue system under British Rule of India, Sir land was always subject of dispute between government and zamindars. Question of Sir Land made heated discussions among members of Select committee and legislative council of United Province. In this paper I am presenting the views of members of select committee related to provisions of Sir land of Agra tenancy Act 1926. I present the detailed discussions of British Government members and other Indian members of select committee in the process of making Agra tenancy Act 1926. Issue of Sir land became very important because some members of select committee were also zamidars. For petty zamindars Sir land was mean of livelihood but on the other hand for big one it was means of luxury life and status of society. Some of Indian zamidars were in opposition of increment of Sir land but most of zamidars supporting to negate the limitation of acquiring Sir land. British Government members of select committee and legislative council of United Provinces opposed the acquiring Sir beyond the scale especially clause 4(dd) and clause 42 which was proposed by the select committee.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SCREEN-TIME DURATION WITH HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS IN ADOLESCENTS

Mansi George, Sandeep Dhull — 2025-02-16

Adolescents today spend an average of 3–4 hours daily on screen-based activities, far exceeding the recommended limit of 2 hours per day by the World Health Organization (WHO).(Dubey et al., 2018) This trend has escalated with the rise of smartphones, online education, and digital entertainment platforms, drastically transforming adolescent lifestyles. Screen-time, defined as the total time spent on devices like smartphones, computers, televisions, and tablets, has seen a dramatic increase over recent years. While technology has enabled advancements in communication and education, excessive screen-time poses a critical challenge to health-related fitness, which encompasses physical, mental, and emotional well-being.(Panjeti-Madan & Ranganathan, 2023) Health-related fitness is a multidimensional construct, including components such as cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition, which are essential for overall well-being and quality of life.(Britton et al., 2020) Adolescence, a critical period of growth and development, requires balanced physical activity for optimal health. However, sedentary behaviours associated with prolonged screen-time often lead to adverse health outcomes, such as obesity, musculoskeletal issues, and mental health disorders like anxiety and depression.(Kumar et al., 2015) Consequently, understanding the relationship between screen-time duration and health-related fitness is vital to developing evidence-based interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles in adolescents.

MIND OVER CRISIS: EXPLORING COVID-19 IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH AND THE PATHWAY TO RESILIENCE

1. Dr.P.Nathiya , 2. Silpa Meenakshi V — 2025-02-17

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global life, disrupting various aspects, including adolescent psychological well-being. This paper examines how the pandemic affected adolescents, a group facing unique developmental challenges. Understanding these effects is crucial, as mental health concerns among adolescents often receive less attention in broader public health discussions. The study explores disruptions in daily routines, increased mental health challenges, academic stress, strained social relationships, and shifting family dynamics. Additionally, it examines coping mechanisms, resilience, long-term psychological consequences, and interventions to support adolescent well-being. Through a comprehensive review of existing research, the paper synthesizes findings on adolescent mental health during COVID-19. The results reveal heightened levels of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and social isolation. Online learning transitions, cancelled extracurricular activities, and family conflicts have further intensified stress, affecting self-esteem. This study highlights the need for early intervention and emphasizes the role of schools, communities, and government programs in providing mental health support. Ultimately, the findings call for continued research and policy initiatives to mitigate long-term effects and ensure adolescent psychological well-being during and beyond future crises.

PENOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN ADDRESSING RADICALIZATION AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM: PERSPECTIVES FROM JAMMU AND KASHMIR

1. Vineet Sharma, 2. Bhupender , 3. Prof. (Dr.) Savita Nayyar — 2025-02-17

The phenomenon of radicalization and violent extremism threatens peace, stability, and security in conflict zones, including Jammu and Kashmir. This region, marked by socio-political instability and insurgency, has witnessed a surge in extremist activities, complicating peace efforts. This research paper explores the penological challenges of addressing radicalization and extremism in Jammu and Kashmir, analysing the current situation, underlying factors, and the effectiveness of countermeasures. Using qualitative methods such as interviews, focus groups, and document analysis, the study gathers insights from law enforcement, policymakers, civil society, and academics. Key findings reveal critical issues: the lack of robust rehabilitation and reintegration programs for former extremists, substandard prison conditions fostering radicalization, and poor coordination among stakeholders. Community engagement remains challenging due to deep-seated mistrust and socio-political tensions. The paper recommends developing comprehensive rehabilitation programs with psychosocial support and vocational training, improving prison conditions, enhancing stakeholder coordination, and promoting community engagement to build trust and cooperation.2

EXPLORING STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS CO-SCHOLASTIC ACTIVITIES: A GENDER-BASED ANALYSIS IN GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF IMPHAL WEST, MANIPUR

1. Ayekpam Sheela Devi , 2. Dr. W. Jyotirmoy Singh — 2025-02-17

This study aims to assess students' attitudes toward co-scholastic activities in government secondary schools in Imphal West District, Manipur. A self-developed questionnaire was used to measure the attitudes of 100 students (50 male and 50 female), with a focus on testing the reliability of the instrument, determining overall attitudes, and comparing attitudes based on gender. The reliability of the questionnaire was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.784), and students exhibited positive attitudes toward co-scholastic activities. However, a significant gender difference was found, with male students showing more positive attitudes than female students. The study highlights the importance of gender-sensitive co-scholastic programs and provides valuable insights for educators to foster inclusive and equitable participation.

THE TEMPLE ART OF ODISHA: A STUDY OF THE ARTIST AND CRAFT ORGANIZATION

Ujwala Kumar Mohanandia — 2025-02-17

In India, monuments are frequently categorised according to the dynasty that ruled at the time they were constructed. Compared to other regions, Odisha is unique in that its temple art has a steady and continuous development that appears to have been unaffected by the numerous kingdoms that ruled the territory¹.The aforementioned remark implies the existence of a strong architectural legacy and the continuation of a tradition of temple sculptors and architects in accordance with a recognised standard. Over 700 years, from the 6th century CE to the 13th century CE, Odisha saw a constant human endeavour in the field of temple construction, which has yielded common characteristics. The Odishan School, also known as Kalingan School, of temple art was in full swing due to the huge religious and cultural resurrection that started with the political period of Sailodbhavas, gained momentum under the Bhaumakaras and Somavamsis, and peaked during the Ganga period. Even under the Suryavamsi-Gajapatis, however, the activities continued, albeit very little and at a subsistence level. From Parasuramesvara (Fig.1) to the Lingaraj (Fig.2) temples at Bhubaneswar, to the massive Sun temple at Konark, the art of Odisha's temples shows a definite evolutionary trend for the observant observer.

India’s Foreign Policy and Strategic Autonomy in a Changing Global Order

Sujith R — 2025-02-17

In recent decades, India’s foreign policy has undergone a significant transformation, particularly towards a de-hyphenated approach. During the era of rising multipolarity, characterised by a lack of concentration of power in a unipolar or bipolar framework, India has sought to assert its strategic autonomy by refraining from aligning with any singular primary power or bloc. This de-hyphenation program allows India to engage with diverse global actors, including the United States, Russia, China, and the European Union, free from ideological or geopolitical commitments. By prioritising national interests and diversifying its diplomatic efforts, India has aimed to enhance its global influence while maintaining its sovereignty within a fragmented and intricate international landscape. This article examines the rationale behind India's de-hyphenation policy, its internal effects on foreign policy, and its worldwide implications for geopolitics in a multipolar context. It argues that India’s pursuit of strategic autonomy reaffirms its role as a significant player in the global political system and positions India as a proponent of a balanced and inclusive world order. The onset of the third decade of the 21st century has been characterised by notable occurrences, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the escalation of tensions between Israel and Palestine, and other confrontations between the United States and China across multiple domains. Furthermore, the formation of new alliance systems, such the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), BRICS, QUAD, and I2U2, is further influencing global power dynamics. In 2014, a paradigm shift in political leadership transpired in India, resulting in a transformation of its foreign policy strategy. India has implemented several strategic efforts to manoeuvre within the emerging global power structure, including Panchamrit, multi-alignment, and strategic autonomy, among others. In the current global order, the East and West are polarised on multiple topics, as seen by the emergence of new alliance institutions. Conversely, India has established a strategic position in both the East and West by participating in both coalitions. This research paper comprehensively examines India’s policy of de-hyphenation in the emerging multipolar world order.

The Influence of Screen Time on Flexibility and Muscular Endurance in adolescents.

Mansi George1, Sandeep Dhull2 — 2025-02-19

Introduction: With the increasing reliance on digital devices, adolescents are spending prolonged hours on screens, raising concerns about its impact on physical fitness. Excessive screen time contributes to sedentary behavior, which may affect flexibility and muscular endurance, two essential components of overall health and functional movement. This study aims to examine the differences in flexibility and muscular endurance across varying levels of screen time among adolescents.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 adolescents, categorized into three screen time groups: 0-60 minutes, 60-180 minutes, and 180 minutes or more per day. Flexibility and muscular endurance were assessed using standardized tests. Normality was evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, and since the data were non-normally distributed (P < 0.05), the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare differences across screen time groups.

Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in both flexibility (H = 9.1, P = 0.011) and muscular endurance (H = 33.208, P = 0.001) across screen time levels. Adolescents with higher screen time (≥180 min/day) had the highest mean ranks for both fitness measures, suggesting variability in physical activity engagement within this group. However, prolonged screen exposure remains a risk factor for reduced physical activity levels, muscle weakness, and postural imbalances.

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of balancing screen time with physical activity to maintain flexibility and muscular endurance in adolescents. While some high screen-time users may engage in active screen-based activities, excessive sedentary behavior can negatively affect musculoskeletal health. Future research should focus on differentiating between passive and active screen use and developing guidelines to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged screen exposure.

UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY: GENDER DIFFERENCES AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Mrs. Anithalakshmi — 2025-02-22

Emotional reactivity refers to the tendency to experience frequent and intense emotional arousal. Both the threshold and ease with which individuals become emotionally aroused and the intensity of emotional experiences are aspects of emotional reactivity. This study is to determine the level of emotional reactivity among males and females. Sample size is 98 males and 98 females. The Emotional Reactivity Questionnaire by Pers (Becerra et al., 2019) was used to measure the emotional reactivity level. The independent t-test shows that the t value is 1.092 and the p value is 0.276, which indicates that there is no significance between females and males. The factor analysis method was used to analyse the data. Both factor extraction and factor rotation methods were executed in this study. The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) suggests that the majority of the variability in the data can be explained by the first few principal components, particularly Components 1 and 2, which together capture 77.740% of the total variance. Varimax rotation aims to simplify the interpretation of the components by maximizing the variance of the squared loadings within each component and minimizing the cross-variable loadings.

BECOMING THE BEST VERSION: THE INTERPLAY OF SELF-REFLECTION, PERSONAL GROWTH, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Mrs. S. Anithalakshmi — 2025-02-22

This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on the interrelationship between personal growth, self-reflection, and psychological well-being. We explore the theoretical foundations of these concepts, examine empirical research findings, and discuss their implications for individuals and society. The review highlights the role of self-reflection in fostering personal development and its impact on psychological well-being. We also identify future directions for research and practical applications for promoting mental health through self-awareness and personal growth strategies.