SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF FEMALE DOMESTIC WORKERS IN INDIA

Abstract

Majority of the workforce in India works in the unorganized sector which is characterized as unskilled and semi-skilled labour. This sector consists mainly of women employed in domestic work and other home-based work. Although the Indian economy is progressing, but there is still a significant lack of social security and legal protections for these workers, especially for women. Recently, the situation of female domestic workers has received the attention of National Women Commission in June 2024 which has undertaken a research initiative aimed at understanding and improving their situation.

The definition of domestic work includes numerous house-related work that are often performed under informal employment conditions by workers aged 15 to 60 years. These workers especially women experience various challenges like low wages, long working hours and are not legally recognized. They suffer severe exploitation including sexual or physical abuse and discrimination based on caste, race, and class.

Legally, this sector is suffering from gaps. Although, there are certain legal framework to protect the rights of domestic workers but its implementation is very poor. The Social Security for Unorganized Workers Act 2008 provides some protection but is largely ineffective due to the informal nature of employment and a general lack of awareness of their rights among workers.

This article argues for a variety of reform approaches. It calls for the establishment of a formal domestic workers’ union. Clear and enforceable employment contracts and equal wage levels. It also emphasizes the need for gender-sensitive policies that recognize the unique challenges experienced by women in this sector. The goal is to provide legal protection to domestic workers so that they may be able to live their life with dignity and safety.


Received on: 13/01/2025                                                                                                                                                                     
Accepted on: 18/01/2025                                                                                                                                                                     
Published on: 23/01/2025