KNOWLEDGE, MORALITY, AND GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN AND WESTERN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

Abstract

This paper explores the comparative study of Indian and Western knowledge systems, examining the interrelationship between knowledge, morality, and governance within these two distinct traditions. Indian knowledge systems are deeply rooted in spiritual, philosophical, and holistic approaches, emphasizing interconnectedness and self-realization. In contrast, Western knowledge systems are grounded in rationalism, empirical evidence, and scientific inquiry. Morality in India is influenced by concepts such as Dharma and karma, with a focus on duties and cosmic order, while Western moral philosophies center on individual rights, justice, and utilitarianism. Governance structures in both traditions have evolved differently, with India historically integrating spiritual and political authority, and the West developing secular democratic frameworks based on individual freedoms and rule of law. This comparative analysis highlights the shared values and differences between these traditions and their implications for contemporary governance. The study emphasizes the role of knowledge in shaping societal structures, ethical behaviour, and power dynamics. By examining these traditions side by side, the paper aims to offer insights into the potential for cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration, providing valuable lessons for addressing global challenges in governance, ethics, and societal development.