BIOMEDICAL WASTE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOIL AND HUMAN HEALTH IN JAUNPUR DISTRICT, U.P. INDIA

Abstract

Biomedical waste (BMW) generated from healthcare facilities constitutes a significant environmental and public health concern, particularly in developing regions where waste management systems are inadequate. The present study investigates the impact of biomedical waste on soil quality and human health in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh. The study evaluates physicochemical properties, heavy metal accumulation, and microbial contamination of soil collected from hospital waste disposal sites and surrounding agricultural areas. The findings reveal substantial increases in heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg), along with elevated microbial loads including pathogenic bacteria. These contaminants pose serious risks through soil degradation, food chain contamination, and direct human exposure. The study emphasizes the urgent need for improved biomedical waste management practices, stricter regulatory enforcement, and community awareness to mitigate environmental and health hazards.