Corporate Environmental Crimes in India: A Critical Study of Punitive Gaps and Localized Impact

Abstract

Corporate environmental crimes have emerged as a significant threat to sustainable development and public health in India. These crimes, often committed by large industries and corporate entities, result in severe environmental degradation such as air and water pollution, soil contamination, and deforestation. This research critically examines the inadequacy of penalties imposed on corporate offenders in comparison to the extent of damage caused, thereby highlighting serious gaps in India’s punitive legal framework. It also explores the localized impact of such crimes, focusing on how vulnerable communities residing near industrial zones bear the brunt of pollution and ecological destruction.