Agricultural Innovations and Environmental Management in the Maurya and Gupta Periods

Abstract

The Maurya period saw state-driven irrigation and water resource management, as detailed in the Arthashastra, which included constructing canals, reservoirs, and dams, fostering economic stability and agricultural productivity.Aśoka's edicts highlighted environmental ethics, advocating for non-violence, conservation, and resource protection. The Gupta period built on these foundations with advanced irrigation systems and crop diversification, enhancing agricultural resilience. Gupta engineers developed efficient water management techniques, and scholars like Āryabhaṭa and Varāhamihira contributed to improved agricultural practices through scientific advancements. The tradition of sacred groves during this period exemplified community-based conservation. These ancient practices offer valuable lessons for modern sustainable agriculture, highlighting the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern science to enhance productivity and sustainability. The paper underscores the enduring relevance of ancient environmental ethics in contemporary conservation efforts and sustainable development.