BECOMING THROUGH DUTY: REINTERPRETING SWADHARMA IN THE BHAGAVADGĪTĀ AND BEYOND

Abstract

This paper reinterprets the concept of Dharma in the Bhagavadgītā through the lens of Swadharma—one’s personal duty arising from inherent nature (Svabhava). Moving beyond conventional theological and caste-based readings, it argues that the Gītā presents an existential and dynamic ethical model grounded in psychological disposition (Guna) and selfless action (Karma Yoga). The study first traces the evolution of Dharma in Vedic and Upanishadic literature, then analyzes how the Gītā integrates metaphysics, ethics, and social order through Swadharma. Using Arjuna’s moral crisis as a case study, the paper explores tensions between individual duty and universal norms. Drawing on classical commentaries and modern interpretations from thinkers like Gandhi, Aurobindo, Vivekananda and Ambedkar, it critiques hierarchical misreadings and affirms Swadharma as a liberating and context-sensitive moral ideal relevant to both spiritual growth and civic life.